We report a case of a right ventricular outpouching diagnosed during prenatal period. We defined it as an aneurysm because of its thin, hypokinetic wall, and wide neck connecting to the ventricle. Ventricular aneurysms, especially right ventricular aneurysms, are very rare cardiac malformations. Therefore, we describe a rare case of right ventricular aneurysm and the diagnostic features, differential diagnosis, and clinical features of ventricular aneurysms.

A foetal echocardiogram, in a 27-week foetus referred for cardiomegaly, demonstrated dextrocardia, absence of the ductus venosus, and an unrestricted unusual umbilical venous drainage to a left posterior intercostal vein, which continued to left hemiazygos vein and drained into the coronary sinus. Progressive cardiomegaly led to early delivery. To the best of our knowledge, no case with similar umbilical venous drainage has been previously reported.

We present a case of a patient with dextro-transposition of the great arteries palliated with a Senning procedure and a long-term arrhythmic complication that required an intervention, with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) implantation in the sub-pulmonary ventricle (morphologically left). This case highlights the need to perform off-label procedures to deal with the long-term complications of these complex patients.

In older adults with patent ductus arteriosus, CT is widely used for duct visualisation because angiography images can be inadequate for evaluation. We report the case of a 73-year-old woman with a highly calcified patent ductus arteriosus whose CT images were insufficient for accurate measurement. Intravascular ultrasonography is useful for sizing of and guiding device closure of the duct.

Coarctation of aorta is commonly treated with endovascular interventions such as coarctation stenting. Migration of stent is the most dreaded complication of coarctation stenting. A 60-year-old lady with severe malaligned coarctation underwent endovascular stent placement. The expanded stent migrated to proximal aorta, which could be stabilized with a bioptome, re-positioned with a balloon and postdilated to its optimal size, resulting in a good outcome.

Balloon atrial septostomy is a palliative procedure that is performed in D-transposition of great arteries when surgery is not immediately available. Although D-TGA and left isomerism association are rare, it is an important condition as the BAS procedure approach is unique. In this case report, we present two cases of D-TGA with left isomerism where BAS was performed due to restrictive atrial septal defect and lack of immediate availability of the paediatric cardiac surgeon.

CHD may, at times, occur in the framework of other rare pathologies. These, having similar clinical manifestations, present a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician.

The authors present the case of an infant with non-syndromic complete atrioventricular septal defect, whose post-operative period was surprisingly complicated by progressive pulmonary hypertension. Despite intensive care, the infant ultimately died. The diagnosis of unilateral primary pulmonary lymphangiectasia was only possible post mortem.

A Melody valve was successfully placed across a very stenotic right-sided component of a common atrioventricular valve because of ongoing troublesome arrhythmias in a young woman with an unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect, a very dilated right atrium and a hypoplastic right ventricle. Four years later, she remains well.

A 17-year-old adolescent with severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease-2019 developed reduced left ventricular function and left ventricular thrombus. With treatment, his condition improved and the thrombus was dissolved. This case illustrates the risk of severe intra-cardiac thrombotic complications in patients with MIS-C.

Down syndrome is a well-recognised genetic condition associated with several comorbidities. Although CHD is common in Down syndrome, transposition of the great arteries is exceptionally rare. We describe a neonate with Down syndrome who presented with transient abnormal myelopoiesis and transposition of the great arteries. Down syndrome may accelerate pulmonary hypertension in transposition of the great arteries and is associated with poor outcomes.

We present the successful transcatheter closure of the perforation of the cardiac wall from atrial appendage in a 1-year-old girl. Although open-heart surgical repair has been the primary option, percutaneous device closure should always be considered before surgery.

Two adolescent males presented within 3 days after the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine with chest pain. Elevated troponin levels, ST segment elevation, and enhancement of the myocardium in cardiac MRI suggested myocarditis. Left ventricular function remained normal, symptoms resolved, and patients were discharged in 4 days. BNT162b2 vaccine may be associated with self-limited myocarditis in youth.

Coronavirus disease 2019 causes respiratory and systemic disease and has led to a sudden epidemic affecting people of all ages. Patients with congenital heart disease represent a high-risk population. In this article, we present a newborn who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for acute respiratory failure in the early postoperative period due to exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 after aortic arch repair and ventricular septal defect closure. To the best of our knowledge, this patient represents the first neonatal case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection after congenital heart surgery and is the youngest patient to need extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.

A 10-day-old neonate with pulmonary consolidation was referred for echocardiography to rule out CHD. At first glance, the morphology appeared to be a bipartite right ventricle with normal tricuspid and pulmonary valves. In-depth analysis, however, of the images showed a double-chambered right ventricle, in which the inlet and outlet portions of the right ventricle were isolated from the apical component of the right ventricle, which itself communicated with the left ventricle through a ventricular septal defect. There was a normal pulmonary valve and tricuspid annulus.

A case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the transition from childhood to adulthood, which was low risk by the conventional risk assessment model, medium risk by the adult risk prediction model, and high risk by the paediatric risk prediction model, was inserted an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Three years post-implantation, the patient was resuscitated with an appropriate discharge of cardioverter-defibrillator.

Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation is a less invasive procedure to treat right outflow tract dysfunction related to surgical procedures such as repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Despite the lower risks, complications have been reported, namely embolisation of the pre-stent. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy, whose procedure was complicated by embolisation of the pre-stents and the strategy used to reimplant them, prior to the successful implantation of a pulmonary valve.

Ductus arteriosus is a physiological structure if not closed after birth, may lead to many complications. Today, trans-catheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus with Occluder devices is the preferred method. Surgical ligation is used only in certain cases such as large symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in very small infants and premature babies; unfavourable structure of the duct or economic considerations. In this article, we described haemodynamic and morphological characteristics of five patients with large patent ductus arteriosus which were occluded with Amplatzer device.

From 23 January, 2010 to 31 July, 2018, five patients referred to our clinic with large patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary arterial hypertension for further evaluation. After assessing them with various diagnostic methods, we decided to close defect with ventricular septal defect Occluder device. Patients aged 21–44 years and one of them was male. Ductus closure was successfully done with ventricular septal defect Occluder device. Closure was successful for all of them but in one case, whose device was embolized to pulmonary artery after 24 hr and he underwent surgery.

Trans-catheter closure of large patent ductus arteriosus in adult patients with pulmonary hypertension is feasible. Despite the fact that complications may occur even with the most experienced hands, the ‘double disk’ Amplatzer ventricular septal defect muscular Occluder could be advantageous in this setting.

We herein report on a series of four patients presented to our tertiary care centre with features of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and cardiac involvement. Two of our patients had recent exposure to a COVID-19-positive patient, one had recent documented infection, and another had no known positive contact. All the patients were tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 immunoglobulin G antibody at the time of presentation. All of them fulfilled the diagnostic criteria according to the World Health Organization Centers for Disease Control or the British guidelines for MIS-C (fever for ≥3 days, multisystem involvement (at least two), elevated markers of inflammation, and no other alternative diagnosis).

Cardiac involvement was variable ranging from isolated ectasia of the coronary arteries to full-blown pancarditis such as severe biventricular dysfunction, multi-valvar involvement, and pericardial effusion.

All our patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (2 g/kg), methylprednisolone, and aspirin and some required inotropic support and ICU admission.

Remarkably, all our patients showed significant improvement in their cardiac disease within a few days as evident on serial echocardiographic evaluation. However, we stress the need for long-term follow-up as one of our patients demonstrated mild LV myocardial scarring as evident by gadolinium late enhancement on a cardiac MRI.

Turner syndrome is a clinical syndrome caused by autosomal abnormalities in women. It is often accompanied by congenital cardiovascular malformations commonly including a bicuspid aortic valve malformation and aortic coarctation, but the presence of multiple pulmonary venous abnormalities is extremely rare. We present a 27-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Turner syndrome. She was revealed an anomalous right upper pulmonary venous connection, left upper pulmonary vein obstruction, and varicose vein malformations of the left pulmonary veins by a series of examination. Cardiac catheterisation and selective pulmonary angiography can further confirm the diagnosis, morphological characteristics, haemodynamic significance and provide a reference for the next step of treatment.