We discuss the problem of finding those integers which may be represented by (x + y + z)3/xyz, and also those which may be represented by x/y + y/z + z/x, where x, y, z are integers. For example,

satisfy (x + y + z)3/(xyz) = -47, and

satisfy x/y + y/z + z/x = -86.

We present an abstract approach to the construction of holomorphic functional calculi for unbounded operators and apply it to the special case of sectorial operators. In effect, we obtain a calculus for a much larger class of functions than was known before, including certain meromorphic functions. We discuss the role of topology. Then we prove in detail a composition rule $(f\circ g)(A)=f(g(A))$ which is the main result of the paper. This is done in such a way that the proof can easily be transferred to functional calculi for other classes of operators.

Let R be a ring, a linear sequential machine over R is a quintuple ℳ = (Q, A, B, F, G) where

Q, A, B are R-modules

F:Q × A →Q and G:Q × A→B are R-homomorphisms.

We prove Hardy-type inequalities for a fractional Dunkl–Hermite operator, which incidentally gives Hardy inequalities for the fractional harmonic oscillator as well. The idea is to use h-harmonic expansions to reduce the problem in the Dunkl–Hermite context to the Laguerre setting. Then, we push forward a technique based on a non-local ground representation, initially developed by Frank et al. [‘Hardy–Lieb–Thirring inequalities for fractional Schrödinger operators, J. Amer. Math. Soc.21 (2008), 925–950’] in the Euclidean setting, to obtain a Hardy inequality for the fractional-type Laguerre operator. The above-mentioned method is shown to be adaptable to an abstract setting, whenever there is a ‘good’ spectral theorem and an integral representation for the fractional operators involved.

We consider weighted sums over points of lattice polytopes, where the weight of a point v is the monomial qλ(v) for some linear form λ. We propose a q-analogue of the classical theory of Ehrhart series and Ehrhart polynomials, including Ehrhart reciprocity and involving evaluation at the q-integers. The main novelty is the proposal to consider q-Ehrhart polynomials. This general theory is then applied to the special case of order polytopes associated with partially ordered sets. Some more specific properties are described in the case of empty polytopes.

The following work is a sequel to three previous communications, and more particularly to the first. The present object is to shew the effect of repeated operation with the matrix differential operator , when it acts upon a scalar matrix formed from an n rowed determinant |xij|, or sums of principal minors, the n2 elements xij being treated as independent variables. Thus when z is a scalar quantity ω z means the matrix [∂z/∂xij], whose ijth element is the derivative.

Let Φ be a reduced irreducible root system of rank greater than or equal to 2, let R be a commutative ring and let I, J be two ideals of R. In the present paper we describe generators of the commutator groups of relative elementary subgroups [E(Φ,R,I),E(Φ,R,J)] both as normal subgroups of the elementary Chevalley group E(Φ,R), and as groups. Namely, let xα(ξ), α ∈ Φ ξ ∈ R, be an elementary generator of E(Φ,R). As a normal subgroup of the absolute elementary group E(Φ,R), the relative elementary subgroup is generated by xα(ξ), α ∈ Φ, ξ ∈ I. Classical results due to Stein, Tits and Vaserstein assert that as a group E(Φ,R,I) is generated by zα(ξ,η), where α ∈ Φ, ξ ∈ I, η ∈ R. In the present paper, we prove the following birelative analogues of these results. As a normal subgroup of E(Φ,R) the relative commutator subgroup [E(Φ,R,I),E(Φ,R,J)] is generated by the following three types of generators: (i) [xα(ξ),zα(ζ,η)], (ii) [xα(ξ),x_α(ζ)] and (iii) xα(ξζ), where α ∈ Φ, ξ ∈ I, ζ ∈ J, η ∈ R. As a group, the generators are essentially the same, only that type (iii) should be enlarged to (iv) zα(ξζ,η). For classical groups, these results, with many more computational proofs, were established in previous papers by the authors. There is already an amazing application of these results in the recent work of Stepanov on relative commutator width.

We study the boundedness and compactness of Toeplitz operators Ta on Bergman spaces , 1 < p < ∞. The novelty is that we allow distributional symbols. It turns out that the belonging of the symbol to a weighted Sobolev space of negative order is sufficient for the boundedness of Ta. We show the natural relation of the hyperbolic geometry of the disc and the order of the distribution. A corresponding sufficient condition for the compactness is also derived.

Homological properties of several Banach left L1(G)-modules have been studied by Dales and Polyakov and recently by Ramsden. In this paper, we characterize some homological properties of and as Banach left L1(G)-modules, such as flatness, injectivity and projectivity.

It has been established by G. Lallement (3) that the set of idempotent-separating congruences on a regular semigroup S coincides with the set ∑() of congruences on S which are contained in Green's equivalence on S. In view of this and Lemma 10.3 of A. H. Clifford and G. B. Preston (1) it is obvious that the maximum idempotent-separating congruence on a regular semigroup S is given by

A liquid crystal is a transversely isotropic liquid consisting of large, relatively rigid, elongated molecules which align more or less parallel to their neighbours. Three distinct types of liquid crystal occur, namely nematic, cholesteric and smectic. In the absence of any external influences, nematics tend to orientate with their anisotropic axis uniformly aligned, whereas cholesterics prefer a characteristic helical configuration and smectics are more highly organised in layered structures. However, it is possible to influence the orientation of the anisotropic axis by a variety of external means. In particular, solid surfaces affect the alignment through the action of surface torques, while electromagnetic fields exert body torques which tend to align the anisotropic axis either parallel or perpendicular to the applied field. Detailed descriptions of the physical properties of liquid crystals may be found in the books by de Gennes [1] and Chandrasekhar [2] and the review by Stephen and Straley [3].

The lattice of varieties of bands was constructed in [1] by providing a simple system of invariants yielding a solution of the world problem for varieties of bands including a new system of inequivalent identities for these varieties. References [3] and [5] contain characterizations of varieties of bands determined by identities with up to three variables in terms of Green's relations and the functions figuring in a construction of a general band. In this construction, the band is expressed as a semilattice of rectangular bands and the multiplication is written in terms of functions among these rectangular band components and transformation semigroups on the corresponding left zero and right zero direct factors.

In this note we present some rather loosely connected results on Banach algebras together with some illustrative examples. We consider various conditions on a Banach algebra which imply that it is finite dimensional. We also consider conditions which imply the existence of non-zero nilpotents, and hence the existence of finite dimensional subalgebras. In the setting of Banach algebras quasinilpotents figure more prominently than nilpotents. We give an example of a non-commutative Banach algebra in which 0 is the only quasinilpotent; this resolves a problem of Hirschfeld and Zelazko (4).

The asymptotics behaviour of solutions of the Becker-Döring cluster equations is determined for cases in which coagulation dominates fragmentation. We show that all non-zero solutions tend weak* to zero.

We consider a delay predator–prey system without instantaneous negative feedback and establish some conditions for global attractivity of the positive equilibrium of the system which generalize and improve some of the existing ones. When the system is decoupled, one of the main results reduces to the well-known Wright 3/2 stability condition for the delayed logistic equation.

Let $N$ be a zero-symmetric near-ring with identity, and let $\sGa$ be a faithful tame $N$-group. We characterize those ideals of $\sGa$ that are the range of some idempotent element of $N$. Using these idempotents, we show that the polynomials on the direct product of the finite $\sOm$-groups $V_1,V_2,\dots,V_n$ can be studied componentwise if and only if $\prod_{i=1}^nV_i$ has no skew congruences.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 16Y30. Secondary 08A40

A theorem due to Milutin [12] (see also [13]) asserts that for any two uncountable compact metric spaces Ω1 and Ω2 the spaces of continuous real-valued functions C(Ω1) and C(Ω2) are linearly isomorphic. It immediately follows from consideration of tensor products that if X is any Banach space then C(Ω1;X) and C(Ω2;X) are isomorphic.

Composition algebras in which the subalgebra generated by any element has dimension at most two are classified over fields of characteristic ≠2,3. They include, besides the classical unital composition algebras, some closely related algebras and all the composition algebras with invariant quadratic norm.

We investigate the multivariate sampling theory associated with multiparameter eigenvalue problems. A several-variable counterpart of the classical sampling theorem of Whittaker, Kotel’nikov and Shannon is given. It arose when the multiparameter system has order one. Two-dimensional sampling theorems associated with two-parameter systems of second-order differential operators will be established. The sampling formulae are of multivariate non-uniform Lagrange interpolation type. Unlike many of the known formulae, the interpolating functions are not necessarily products of single variable functions.

We study various Dirichlet series of the form ∑n≥1f(πnα)/ns, where α is an irrational number and f(x) is a trigonometric function like cot(x), 1/sin(x) or 1/sin2(x). The convergence is slow and strongly depends on the Diophantine properties of α. We provide necessary and sufficient convergence conditions using the continued fraction of α. We also show that any one of our series is equal to a related series, which converges much faster, defined in term of iterations of the continued fraction operator α↦{1/α}.