Many fundamental properties of graph C*-algebras may be determined directly from the structure of the underlying graph, and because of this, they have been celebrated as C*-algebras that can be seen. This paper shows how permutative endomorphisms of graph C*-algebras can be represented by labelled directed multigraphs that give visual representations of the endomorphisms and facilitate computations. This formalism provides a useful calculus for permutative automorphisms and allows efficient exhaustive construction of such automorphisms.

Let $k$ be a field, and let $\alpha$ and $\alpha'$ be two algebraic numbers conjugate over $k$. We prove a result which implies that if $L\subset k(\alpha,\alpha')$ is an abelian or Hamiltonian extension of $k$, then $[L:k]\leq[k(\alpha):k]$. This is related to a certain question concerning the degree of an algebraic number and the degree of a quotient of its two conjugates provided that the quotient is a root of unity, which was raised (and answered) earlier by Cantor. Moreover, we introduce a new notion of the non-torsion power of an algebraic number and prove that a monic polynomial in $X$—irreducible over a real field and having $m$ roots of equal modulus, at least one of which is real—is a polynomial in $X^m$.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 11R04; 11R20; 11R32; 12F10

We discuss some basic properties of the graded centre of a triangulated category and compute examples arising in representation theory of finite-dimensional algebras.

Let W be a class of not necessarily associative rings which is universal in the sense that it is closed under homomorphic images and is hereditary to subrings. All rings considered will be assumed to belong to W. The notation I ⊲ R will mean I is an ideal of R. A relation σ on W will be called an H-relation if σ satisfies the properties:

(1) I σ R implies I is a subring of R.

(2) If I σ R and ø is a homomorphism of R, then IØ σ Rø.

(3) If I σ R and J is an ideal of R, then I ∩ J σ J.

For a set $X$ and a variety $\mathcal{V}$ of bands, let $B_{\mathcal{V}}(X)$ be the relatively free band in $\mathcal{V}$ on $X$. For an arbitrary band variety $\mathcal{V}$ and an arbitrary set $X$, we determine the group of automorphisms of $\mathrm{End}(B_{\mathcal{V}}(X))$, the monoid of endomorphisms of $B_{\mathcal{V}}(X)$.

We introduce polar metrics on a product manifold, which have product and warped product metrics as special cases. We prove a de Rham-type theorem characterizing Riemannian manifolds that can be locally or globally decomposed as a product manifold endowed with a polar metric. For such a product manifold, our main result gives a complete description of all its isometric immersions into a space form whose second fundamental forms are adapted to its product structure in the sense that the tangent spaces to each factor are preserved by all shape operators. This is a far-reaching generalization of a basic decomposition theorem for isometric immersions of Riemannian products due to Moore as well as of its extension by Nölker to isometric immersions of warped products.

We present a careful approximation of the quasi-geodesics of trees of hyperbolic and relatively hyperbolic spaces. As an application we prove a dynamical and geometric combination theorem for trees of relatively hyperbolic spaces, with both Farb's and Gromov's definitions.

This paper is concerned with d.g. near-rings and their relationship to faithful d.g. near-rings. For general definitions and results, we refer to Pilz [5]. We use left near-rings where he uses right near-rings, but otherwise there is little difference. This work follows earlier work [3], [4] and Mahmood [2]. Before outlining the contents of the paper we present a précis of the definitions.

Let , ρ > 2, be the ρ-variation of the heat semigroup associated to the harmonic oscillator H = ½(−Δ + |x|2). We show that if f ∈ L∞ (ℝ), the (f)(x) < ∞, a.e. x ∈ ℝ. However, we find a function G ∈ L∞ (ℝ), such that (G)(x) ∉ L∞ (ℝ). We also analyse the local behaviour in L∞ of the operator . We find that its growth is smaller than that of a standard singular integral operator. As a by-product of our work we obtain an L∞ (ℝ) function F, such that the square function

a.e. x ∈ ℝ, where is the classical Poisson kernal in ℝ.

A module of a ring of differential operators $\mathcal{D}$ over a smooth surface has order $1$ if it is isomorphic to a factor module of $\mathcal{D}$ by a cyclic ideal generated by an operator of order $1$. Let $k$ be a positive integer. We give conditions under which an indecomposable $\mathcal{D}$-module of order $1$ is GK-critical of length $k$. We also give examples of indecomposable, non-critical, $\mathcal{D}$-modules whose subfactors have order $1$.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 16S32. Secondary 37F75

We consider the quasilinear elliptic variational system

\begin{alignat*} {2} -\Delta_pu\amp=\lambda F_u(x,u,v)+\mu H_u(x,u,v) \quad\amp \amp\text{in }\varOmega, \\ -\Delta_qv\amp=\lambda F_v(x,u,v)+\mu H_v(x,u,v) \amp \amp \text{in }\varOmega, \\ u\amp=v=0 \amp \amp \text{on }\partial\varOmega, \end{alignat*}

where $\varOmega$ is a strip-like domain and $\lambda$ and $\mu$ are positive parameters. Using a recent two-local-minima theorem and the principle of symmetric criticality, existence and multiplicity are proved under suitable conditions on $F$.

Let G be a finite group, let p be a prime divisor of the order of G and let k(G) be the number of conjugacy classes of G. By disregarding at most finitely many non-solvable p-solvable groups G, we have with equality if and only if if is an integer, and CG(Cp) = Cp. This extends earlier work of Héthelyi, Külshammer, Malle and Keller.

Let ξ be the set of all finite groups that have efficient presentations. In this paper we give sufficient conditions for the standard wreath product of two ξ-groups to be a ξ-group.

The characterization theorem for the Banach-space-valued local Laplace transform established by Keyantuo, Müller and Vieten is used to obtain a real variable characterization of generators of local convoluted semigroups. The concept of local convoluted semigroups extends that of distribution as well as ultradistribution semigroups. Complete characterizations existed only for exponentially bounded semigroups integrated $\alpha$ times, whereas for the non-exponential case generation results had been obtained in terms of complex conditions only.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 47D03; 47D06; 44A10

We present an abstract approach to the construction of holomorphic functional calculi for unbounded operators and apply it to the special case of sectorial operators. In effect, we obtain a calculus for a much larger class of functions than was known before, including certain meromorphic functions. We discuss the role of topology. Then we prove in detail a composition rule $(f\circ g)(A)=f(g(A))$ which is the main result of the paper. This is done in such a way that the proof can easily be transferred to functional calculi for other classes of operators.

A liquid crystal is a transversely isotropic liquid consisting of large, relatively rigid, elongated molecules which align more or less parallel to their neighbours. Three distinct types of liquid crystal occur, namely nematic, cholesteric and smectic. In the absence of any external influences, nematics tend to orientate with their anisotropic axis uniformly aligned, whereas cholesterics prefer a characteristic helical configuration and smectics are more highly organised in layered structures. However, it is possible to influence the orientation of the anisotropic axis by a variety of external means. In particular, solid surfaces affect the alignment through the action of surface torques, while electromagnetic fields exert body torques which tend to align the anisotropic axis either parallel or perpendicular to the applied field. Detailed descriptions of the physical properties of liquid crystals may be found in the books by de Gennes [1] and Chandrasekhar [2] and the review by Stephen and Straley [3].

It has been established by G. Lallement (3) that the set of idempotent-separating congruences on a regular semigroup S coincides with the set ∑() of congruences on S which are contained in Green's equivalence on S. In view of this and Lemma 10.3 of A. H. Clifford and G. B. Preston (1) it is obvious that the maximum idempotent-separating congruence on a regular semigroup S is given by

Precise bounds are given for the quantity

$$ L(\alpha)=\frac{\limsup_{m\rightarrow\infty}(1/m)\ln q_m}{\liminf_{m\rightarrow\infty}(1/m)\ln q_m}, $$

where $(q_m)$ is the classical sequence of denominators of convergents to the continued fraction $\alpha=[0,u_1,u_2,\dots]$ and $(u_m)$ is assumed bounded, with a distribution.

If the infinite word $\bm{u}=u_1u_2\dots$ has arbitrarily large instances of segment repetition at or near the beginning of the word, then we quantify this property by means of a number $\gamma$, called the segment-repetition factor.

If $\alpha$ is not a quadratic irrational, then we produce a specific sequence of quadratic irrational approximations to $\alpha$, the rate of convergence given in terms of $L$ and $\gamma$. As an application, we demonstrate the transcendence of some continued fractions, a typical one being of the form $[0,u_1,u_2,\dots]$ with $u_m=1+\lfloor m\theta\rfloor\Mod n$, $n\geq2$, and $\theta$ an irrational number which satisfies any of a given set of conditions.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 11A55. Secondary 11B37

We consider a delay predator–prey system without instantaneous negative feedback and establish some conditions for global attractivity of the positive equilibrium of the system which generalize and improve some of the existing ones. When the system is decoupled, one of the main results reduces to the well-known Wright 3/2 stability condition for the delayed logistic equation.

We obtain heat-kernel estimates for higher-order operators with measurable coefficients that can be singular or degenerate. Precise constants are given, which are sharp for small times.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 35K30; 47D06. Secondary 35K25; 35K35