The existence of infinitely many solutions for an autonomous elliptic Dirichlet problem involving the p-Laplacian is investigated. The approach is based on variational methods.

The semi-classical regime of standing wave solutions of a Schrödinger equation in the presence of non-constant electric and magnetic potentials is studied in the case of non-local nonlinearities of Hartree type. It is shown that there exists a family of solutions having multiple concentration regions which are located around the minimum points of the electric potential.

We rigorously derive a weak form of the Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner equation as the homogenization limit of a Stefan-type problem describing reaction-controlled coarsening of a large number of small spherical particles. Moreover, we deduce that the effective mean-field description holds true in the particular limit of vanishing surface-area density of particles.

Higher cluster categories were recently introduced as a generalization of cluster categories. This paper shows that in Dynkin types A and D, half of all higher cluster categories can be obtained as quotients of cluster categories. The other half are quotients of 2-cluster categories, the ‘lowest’ type of higher cluster categories. Hence, in Dynkin types A and D, all higher cluster phenomena are implicit in cluster categories and 2-cluster categories. In contrast, the same is not true in Dynkin type E.

Following a method by Meldrum and van der Walt, near-rings of matrix maps are defined for general near-rings, not necessarily with identity. The influence of one-sided identities is discussed. When the base near-ring is integral and planar, the near-ring of matrix maps is shown to be simple. Various types of primitivity of the near-ring of matrix maps are discussed when the base near-ring is planar but not integral. Finally, an open problem concerning bijective matrix maps is solved.

Let −DpD be a differential operator on the compact interval [−b, b] whose leading coefficient is positive on (0, b] and negative on [−b, 0), with fixed, separated, self-adjoint boundary conditions at b and −b and an additional interface condition at 0. The self-adjoint extensions of the corresponding minimal differential operator are non-semibounded and are related to non-semibounded sesquilinear forms by a generalization of Kato's representation theorems. The theory of non-semibounded sesquilinear forms is applied to this concrete situation. In particular, the generalized Friedrichs extension is obtained as the operator associated with the unique regular closure of the minimal sesquilinear form. Moreover, among all closed forms associated with the self-adjoint extensions, the regular closed forms are identified. As a consequence, eigenfunction expansion theorems are obtained for the differential operators as well as for certain indefinite Kreĭn–Feller operators with a single concentrated mass.

We study the orbital stability of standing waves for the Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger system in two spatial dimensions. It is proved that the standing wave is stable if the frequency is sufficiently small. To prove this, we obtain the uniqueness of ground state and investigate the spectrum of the appropriate linearized operator by using the perturbation method developed by Genoud and Stuart and Lin and Wei. Then we apply to our system the general theory of Grillakis, Shatah and Strauss.

The Mullins–Sekerka sharp-interface model for phase transitions interpolates between attachment-limited and diffusion-limited kinetics if kinetic drag is included in the Gibbs–Thomson interface condition. Heuristics suggest that the typical length-scale of patterns may exhibit a crossover in coarsening rate from l(t) ˜ t1/2 at short times to l(t) ˜ t1/3 at long times. We establish rigorous, universal one-sided bounds on energy decay that partially justify this understanding in the monopole approximation and in the associated Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner mean-field model. Numerical simulations for the Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner model illustrate the crossover behaviour. The proofs are based on a method for estimating coarsening rates introduced by Kohn and Otto, and make use of a gradient-flow structure that the monopole approximation inherits from the Mullins–Sekerka model by restricting particle geometry to spheres.

We consider atomic chains with nearest neighbour interactions and study periodic travelling waves and homoclinic travelling waves, which are called wavetrains and solitons, respectively. Our main result is a new existence proof which relies on the constrained maximization of the potential energy and exploits the invariance properties of an improvement operator. The approach is restricted to convex interaction potentials but refines the standard results, as it provides the existence of travelling waves with unimodal and even profile functions. Moreover, we discuss both the numerical approximation and the complete localization of wavetrains, and show that wavetrains converge to solitons when the periodicity length tends to infinity.

We use methods of bifurcation theory to study properties of solution curves for a class of quasilinear two-point problems. Unlike semilinear equations, here, solution curves may stop at some point, or solution curves may turn the ‘wrong way’ (compared with semilinear equations) as in a paper by Habets and Omari, where the prescribed mean curvature equation was considered. This class of equations will be our main example. Another difference from semilinear equations is that the bifurcation diagram may depend on the length of the interval, as was discovered recently by Pan, who considered the prescribed mean curvature equation and f(u) = eu. We generalize this result to convex f(u), with f(0) > 0, and to more general quasilinear equations. We also give formulae which allow us to compute all possible turning points and the direction of the turn, generalizing similar formulae in Korman et al. We also present a numerical computation of the bifurcation curves.

We study positive solutions to the porous media equation of degenerate logistic type −Δu = a(x)u1/m – b(x)f(u), m > 1, which blow up at the inner boundary and satisfy a homogeneous boundary condition at the outer boundary of a multiply connected domain. In particular, we investigate uniqueness and blow-up rate near the inner boundary for such solutions. We also look at the limiting behaviour as m ↘ 1 for the special case where b(x) > 0 and f(u) = up/m with p > m.

We study the asymptotic behaviour of a Hele-Shaw flow produced by the injection of fluid from a finite number of points at different speeds. We prove that, as time tends to infinity, the boundary of the fluid domain approaches the circle centred at the barycentre of the injection points with weights proportional to the injection rates. The distances from the barycentre to the boundary points are estimated from both above and below.

We study the problem of the homogenization of Dirichlet eigenvalue problems for the p-Laplace operator in a sequence of perforated domains with fine-grained boundary. Using the asymptotic expansion method, we derive the homogenized problem for the new equation with an additional term of capacity type. Moreover, we show that a sequence of eigenvalues for the problem in perforated domains converges to the corresponding critical levels of the homogenized problem.

Linear and nonlinear Hodge-like systems for 1-forms are studied with an assumption equivalent to complete integrability substituted for the requirement of closure under exterior differentiation. The systems are placed in a variational context and properties of critical points are investigated. Certain standard choices of energy density are related by Bäcklund transformations which employ basic properties of the Hodge involution. These Hodge-Bäcklund transformations yield invariant forms of classical Bäcklund transformations that arise in diverse contexts. Some extensions to higher-degree forms are indicated.

We prove various bounds on moments

where fm is a solution of the discrete (respectively, continuous) Smoluchowski coagulation–fragmentation equations with diffusion. In a previous paper we proved similar results for all weak solutions to the discrete Smoluchowski equation provided that there is no fragmentation and certain moments are bounded in suitable Lq-spaces initially. We prove the corresponding results in the case of the continuous Smoluchowski equation. When there is also fragmentation, we need to assume that the solution f is regular in the sense that f can be approximated by solutions to the Smoluchowski equation for which the coagulation and fragmentation coefficients are 0 when the cluster sizes are large. We also need suitable assumptions on the coagulation rates to avoid gelation. On the fragmentation rate β we assume that supn supm≤l β(m, n)/n < ∞ for every positive l, and that there exist constants a0 ≥ 0 and c0 such that β(n,m) ≤ c0(n + m)a0a0.

We study the Cauchy problem of certain Boussinesq-α equations in n dimensions with n = 2 or 3. We establish regularity for the solution under ▽u ∈ L1 (0, T; Ḃ0∞,∞(ℝn)). As a corollary, the smooth solution of the Leray-α–Boussinesq system exists globally, when n = 2. For the Lagrangian averaged Boussinesq equations, a regularity criterion ▽θ ∈ L1(0, T;L∞(ℝ2)) is established. Other Boussinesq systems with partial viscosity are also discussed in the paper.

We establish some eigenvalue criteria for the existence of non-trivial T-periodic solutions of a class of first-order functional differential equations with a nonlinearity f(x). The nonlinear term f(x) can take negative values and may be unbounded from below. Conditions are determined by the relationship between the behaviour of the quotient f(x)/x for x near 0 and ±∞ and the smallest positive characteristic value of an associated linear integral operator. This linear operator plays a key role in the proofs of the results and its construction is non-trivial. Applications to related eigenvalue problems are also discussed. The analysis mainly relies on the topological degree theory.

We are concerned with a Cauchy problem for the semilinear heat equation

then u is called a backward self-similar solution blowing up at t = T. Let pS and pL be the Sobolev and the Lepin exponents, respectively. It was shown by Mizoguchi (J. Funct. Analysis257 (2009), 2911–2937) that k ≡ (p − 1)−1/(p−1) is a unique regular radial solution of (P) if p > pL. We prove that it remains valid for p = pL. We also show the uniqueness of singular radial solution of (P) for p > pS. These imply that the structure of radial backward self-similar blow-up solutions is quite simple for p ≥ pL.

We discuss the combined semi-classical and relaxation limit of a one-dimensional isentropic quantum hydrodynamical model for semiconductors. The quantum hydrodynamic equations consist of the isentropic Euler equations for the particle density and current density, including the quantum potential and a momentum relaxation term. The momentum equation is highly nonlinear and contains a dispersive term with third-order derivatives. The equations are self-consistently coupled to the Poisson equation for the electrostatic potential. With the help of the Maxwell-type iteration, we prove that, as the relaxation time and Planck constant tend to zero, periodic initial-value problems of a scaled one-dimensional isentropic quantum hydrodynamic model have unique smooth solutions existing in the time interval where the classical drift-diffusion model has smooth solutions. Meanwhile, we justify a formal derivation of the classical drift-diffusion model from the quantum hydrodynamic model.

We consider a non-autonomous competitive model with generalized functional responses for interaction among n species, the adult members of which are in competition. For each of the n species the model incorporates a distributed time delay which represents the time from birth to maturity of that species. Based on some comparison arguments, we discuss the permanence and extinction of the species. By virtue of the continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory, we prove the existence of a positive periodic solution. By means of constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals, we obtain sufficient conditions for the uniqueness and the global stability of the periodic solution. Two examples are given to illustrate the feasibility of our main results.