P. Lévy introduced a notion of Brownian motion with parameter in a metric space (M, d), which is a centered Gaussian system satisfying

Let A be a quasi-Frobenius algebra over a field K. A has a complete (co)homology theory which may be established upon an augmented acyclic projective complex, i.e. a commutative diagram

of A-double-modules with exact horizontal row, projective Xp, and with epimorphic resp. monomorphic ε and t. Negative-dimensional cohomology groups, over an A-double-module, are expected to be in close relationship with (ordinary positive-dimensional) homology groups.

Let (M,g) be a Riemannian manifold and let R be its Riemannian curvature tensor. If (M, g) is a locally symmetric space, we have

(*) R(X,Y)·R = 0 for all tangent vectors X,Y

where the endomorphism R(X,Y) (i.e., the curvature transformation) operates on R as a derivation of the tensor algebra at each point of M. There is a question: Under what additional condition does this algebraic condition (*) on R imply that (M,g) is locally symmetric (i.e., ∇R = 0)? A conjecture by K. Nomizu [5] is as follows : (*) implies ∇R = 0 in the case where (M, g) is complete and irreducible, and dim M ≥ 3. He gave an affirmative answer in the case where (M,g) is a certain complete hypersurface in a Euclidean space ([5]).

In the former paper, I have developped a theory of meromorphic functions in a neighbourhood of a bounded closed set E of logarithmic capacity zero, by means of Evans’ potential fnnction u(z), which tends to ∞, when z tends to any point of E. It is not known, whether such a potential function exists on an open Riemann surface with null boundary, but by a substitute of Evans’ function. we shall develop the similar theory of meromorphic functions on an open Riemann surface with null boundary.

Let k be an algebraic number field of finite degree, and K a finite Galois extension of k. A central extension L of K/k is an algebraic number field which contains K and is normal over k, and whose Galois group over K is contained in the center of the Galois group Gal(L/k). We denote the maximal abelian extensions of k and K in the algebraic closure of k by kab and Kab respectively, and the maximal central extension of K/k by MCK/k. Then we have Kab⊃MCK/k⊃kab·K.

In this note we assume that all rings have identities and denote by R a commutative ring. All R-algebras considered are assumed to be finitely generated faithful R-modules. An R-algebra Λ is said to be semi-simple ([5]), if any finitely ‘generated Λ-module is (Λ, R)-projective.

Let d be a square-free positive integer and l(d) be the period length of the simple continued fraction expansion of ωd, where ωd is integral basis of ℤ[]. Let εd = (td + ud)/2 (> 1) be the fundamental unit of the real quadratic field ℚ(). In this paper new lower bounds for εd, td, and ud are described in terms of l(d). The lower bounds of εd are sharper than the known bounds and those of td and ud have been yet unknown. In order to show the strength of the method of the proof, some interesting examples of d are given for which εd and Yokoi’s d-invariants are determined explicitly in relation to continued fractions of the form .

Let Rn be the n-dimensional Euclidean space, each point of which is denoted by its coordinate x = (x1,...,xn). The variable t is in the real half line [0, ∞).

Let $X$ be a projective manifold of dimension $n$. Suppose that $T_{X}$ contains an ample subsheaf. We show that $X$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{P}^{n}$. As an application, we derive the classification of projective manifolds containing a $\mathbb{P}^{r}$-bundle as an ample divisor by the recent work of Litt.

Let (A,m) be a Noetherian local ring with d = dim A ≥ 2. Then, if A is a Buchsbaum ring, the first Hilbert coefficients of A for parameter ideals Q are constant and equal to where hi(A) denotes the length of the ith local cohomology module of A with respect to the maximal ideal m. This paper studies the question of whether the converse of the assertion holds true, and proves that A is a Buchsbaum ring if A is unmixed and the values are constant, which are independent of the choice of parameter ideals Q in A. Hence, a conjecture raised by [GhGHOPV] is settled affirmatively.

We study moduli spaces M(c1, c2, d, r) of isomorphism classes of algebraic 2-vector bundles with fixed numerical invariants c1, c2, d, r over a ruled surface. These moduli spaces are independent of any ample line bundle on the surface. The main result gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the non-emptiness of the space M(c1, c2, d, r) and we apply this result to the moduli spaces ML(c1, c2) of stable bundles, where L is an ample line bundle on the ruled surface.

In this article, we consider the conjectured relationship between $F$-purity and log canonicity for polynomials over $\mathbb{C}$. In particular, we show that log canonicity corresponds to dense $F$-pure type for all polynomials whose supporting monomials satisfy a certain nondegeneracy condition. We also show that log canonicity corresponds to dense $F$-pure type for very general polynomials over $\mathbb{C}$. Our methods rely on showing that the $F$-pure and log canonical thresholds agree for infinitely many primes, and we accomplish this by comparing these thresholds with the thresholds associated to their monomial term ideals.

Let $k$ be a field of characteristic $2$. We give a geometric proof that there are no smooth quartic surfaces $S\subset \mathbb{P}_{k}^{3}$ with more than 64 lines (predating work of Degtyarev which improves this bound to 60). We also exhibit a smooth quartic containing 60 lines which thus attains the record in characteristic $2$.

We show that it is possible to deduce the Calogero-Moser partition of the irreducible representations of the complex reflection groups G(m,d, n) from the corresponding partition for G(m,1,n). This confirms, in the case W = G(m,d,n), a conjecture of Gordon and Martino relating the Calogero-Moser partition to Rouquier families for the corresponding cyclotomic Hecke algebra.

This paper is a continuation of our previous memoir [28], hereafter referred to as I, and constitutes the second chapter of this series. As stated in I, our aim in this series is to examine properties of a polynomial sequence with several variables satisfying an addition formula by means of the down-ladder, and to give a generalization of so called classical polynomials.

We consider the mixed initial-boundary value problem for the parabolic equation

in a region Ω × (0, T], where x = (x1, x2) and Ω ⊂ R2 is a simply-connected bounded domain having corners.

A local ring R is regular if and only if every finitely generated R-module has finite projective dimension. Moreover, the residue field k is a test module: R is regular if and only if k has finite projective dimension. This characterization can be extended to the bounded derived category $\mathsf {D}^{\mathsf f}(R)$ , which contains only small objects if and only if R is regular. Recent results of Pollitz, completing work initiated by Dwyer–Greenlees–Iyengar, yield an analogous characterization for complete intersections: R is a complete intersection if and only if every object in $\mathsf {D}^{\mathsf f}(R)$ is proxy small. In this paper, we study a return to the world of R-modules, and search for finitely generated R-modules that are not proxy small whenever R is not a complete intersection. We give an algorithm to construct such modules in certain settings, including over equipresented rings and Stanley–Reisner rings.

For a positive integer N, put

In this paper we shall study elastic waves in two isotropic media with different densities and Lamè’s constants. In seismology elastic waves are studied when the border of two media is a hyperplane, however there are no results on elastic waves in the non-flat border case. First in Section 1 we shall show an existence theorem of the solutions of an initial boundary value problem which is satisfied by the displacements of two media. Next we shall discuss about propagation of singularities of the solutions, for Hörmander and Lax-Nirenberg showed that an appearance of propagation of singularities is similar to one of propagation of waves.

We prove a direct image theorem stating that the direct image of a Galois formula by a morphism of difference schemes is equivalent to a Galois formula over fields with powers of Frobenius. As a consequence, we obtain an effective quantifier elimination procedure and a precise algebraic–geometric description of definable sets over fields with Frobenii in terms of twisted Galois formulas associated with finite Galois covers of difference schemes.