Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has a detrimental impact on health and may lead to deficits in general memory. No research has focused upon whether exposure to SHS affects everyday memory, of which prospective memory (PM: remembering future intentions and activities) is a good example.

To explore the links between exposure to SHS and PM.

This study aims to compare a group of never-smokers who reported regular exposure to second-hand smoke (the SHS group) with a group of current smokers (the CS group) and a group of never-smokers who reported never having been exposed to SHS (the Non-SHS group) on objective PM.

An existing groups design was employed to compare 24 SHS, 27 CS and 28 Non-SHS on The Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) which measures time and event based PM. Age, other drug use, mood and IQ were also measured as covariates in the study.

The Non-SHS group recalled significantly more PM items on CAMPROMPT than both the SHS and CS groups, with the SHS group recalling significantly more items than the CS group. This was found after controlling for important covariates.

This is the first study to observe PM deficits in non-smokers exposed to SHS. It is concluded that exposure to other people's SHS can impede everyday memory, but not to the same degree as found in active (current) smokers, when both groups are compared to non-smokers not exposed to SHS.

Binge drinking (BD) has been associated with a range of memory deficits, including prospective memory (PM: remembering future intentions and activities) deficits in the past. However no research to date has distinguished between levels of BD.

To compare heavy binge drinking with non-heavy BD and non-BD groups on objective PM.

To compare varying levels of BD with non-BD upon everyday PM.

An existing groups design was employed to compare a group of heavy BDs (drinking above 15 units per drinking session), with a group of standard BDs (drinking between 10 - 15 units per drinking session), and a group of non-BDs (drinking less than 5 units per session) on objective PM. The Prospective Remembering Video Procedure (PRVP) was used to assess PM, which required the participant to remember a series of actions (e.g. remember to buy “X”) when they reached specific locations (at the Phone Store) whilst viewing a CD Rom clip of a busy shopping high street. Age, other drug use and mood were also measured as covariates in the study.

The Non-BD group recalled significantly more action-location combinations on the PRVP than both the ‘standard’ and ‘heavy BD groups, with no significant difference between the latter groups. This was found after controlling for important covariates.

It appears that BD per se is associated with PM deficits when compared with non-BDs, with heavy BD not adding to the PM deficits observed. Possible reasons and implications are considered further at conference.

The studies of Carroll e Hesse (1987) and the studies of Arntzen e Almas (2002) demonstrate the effectiveness of mand-tact training rather than only tact training on the expansion of the tact repertoire in groups of children with developmental disabilities.

The authors want to show the effectiveness of mand-tact training rather than only tact training on the expansion of the tact repertoire in a child with moderate mental retardation.

In the present work, we conducted an assessment pre-training in which the baseline data of the tact in the child's repertorie was collected, with an assessment choice preference to identify the reinforcers to use in the training. in the training, sessions only-tact training and sessions mand-tact training are alternated, according to the principles and procedures of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).

The results obtained show that the mand-tact training is more effective than the only-tact training in the rapid acquisition of tacts.

The mand contingiences represent a facilitation in the acquisition of the tact repertoire.

To estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation during gestation and risk factors for depression in postpartum.

712 pregnant women answered the PRIME MD, and reported sociodemographic data, obstetric history and history of violence; 427 women answered the PRIME MD at 4-5th month postpartum. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between suicidal ideation and sociodemographic, obstetric and violence variables, and to estimate the association between risk factors and depressive symptoms in postpartum.

The prevalence of suicidal ideation during pregnancy was 10.3% (n=73). The prevalence of depression was 36.2% (n=258). Suicidal ideation was associated with: 0 to 4 years of schooling (PR=2.88, CI 95% 1.40-5.91), and 5 to 8 years of schooling (PR=2.63, CI 95% 1.45-4.77), being victim of violence in the current gestation (PR=4.35, CI 95% 2.81-6.74), and anxiety symptoms (PR= 5.49, CI 95% 3.58-8.40).

The prevalence of depression in the postpartum was 28.3% (n=121); 45 were incident cases (37%). The following variables were significantly associated with depression in postpartum: < 19 years of age (RR=1.82, CI 95% 1.03-3.22), 20-29 years of age (RR=2.19, CI 95% 1.30-3.66), lower income (RR= 1.49, CI 95% 1.00-2.23), depressive symptoms during gestation (RR=2.9, CI 95% 2.13- 3.97), anxiety symptoms during gestation (RR= 2.96, CI 95% 2.26-3.88), and being victim of violence during gestation (RR=2.04, CI95% 1.50-2.78).

Gestation is not protective of suicidal ideation and common mental disorders. Treating common mental disorders during pregnancy is essential to prevent depression in post partum and to promote maternal's and infant's health.

In literature, individual vulnerability to stress is a predictive factor of a higher risk of developing stress-related disorders and mental health problems. The Stress Vulnerability Questionnaire (23QVS; Serra, 2000, 2004) is a 23-item scale, measuring vulnerability to emotional and social adverse and stressful situations, and overall life satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of a Russian version of the 23QVS in a sample of Russian-speaking immigrants residing in Portugal.

The 23QVS was administered to Russian-speaking immigrants in 12 Local Immigrant Support Centers in Portugal, along with a number of other self-report tests as part of a larger mental health status immigrants' study.

The Russian version of the 23QVS has an internally consistent measure Cronbach's α, 710 for the total scale (Item 7 was excluded). PCA was carried out in order to re-examine the factor structure of the scale. Seven factors were identified, overall matching the ones foreseen by the author of the scale.

The findings suggest that the Russian version of the 23 QVS addressed adequately the original concepts and dimensions, and demonstrated a high level of equivalence with the original version.

Impairments in oculomotor performances such as saccade tasks were reported in patients with schizophrenia. Correlation between oxidative stress markers and ocular saccades has not been studied.

To explore the relationship between markers of oxidative stress (antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione levels) and saccadic parameters (frequency and latency) in a sample of patients with schizophrenia.

Thirty clinically stable patients with schizophrenia (24 men and 6 women, mean age = 29.9 ± 6.3 years) and 25 control subjects matched for age (13 men and 12 women, mean age = 29.3 ± 4.9 years) were recruited. Frequency and latency of saccadic tasks (anticipatory and compensatory saccades) were recorded with an oculometry. The erythrocyte activities of antioxidant enzymes: Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) and Catalase (CAT) were measured. Glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in blood samples.

Patients had significantly lower activities of all antioxidant enzymes and levels of total and reduced GSH compared with controls. High saccades frequency was found in patients compared to controls. The saccade latencies were higher in patients compared to controls. in the patients, a negative correlation was found between total and reduced GSH and frequency of compensatory back-up saccades. Square-wave-jerks were negatively correlated with oxidized GSH level and SOD activity.

The decrease of antioxidant defenses (SOD activity and GSH levels) was associated with the saccadic frequency in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of oculomotor abnormalities in schizophrenia.

Internet over-consumption can cause dysfunctional usage resulting in several deleterious outcomes. The “Internet Use Disorder” is gaining importance in diagnostic manuals as its prevalence increases.

The objective of the study was to examine how this upcoming disorder is assessed at present.

We present the actual status of Internet addiction assessment tools and develop a theoretical framework for optimizing “Internet Use Disorder” assessment tools design.

A factorial structure analysis of tools assessing Internet addiction for adolescents and adults published between January 1993 and October 2011 was performed and a theoretical framework for optimizing tools design was developed. The descriptive properties of 14 questionnaires were measured and the position of the instruments’ methodology, validity, reliability and model fit was presented, along with the preferred factorial analysis method and validation technique.

Results indicate some heterogeneity in study methodology and differences in descriptive and dimensional aspects of assessment tools. The three factor categories compulsive Internet use, negative outcomes and salience were central to Internet addiction questionnaires. Furthermore, the social dimension was often under-represented. No significant difference was observed in the distribution of factor categories across Internet addiction questionnaires and DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for substance dependence.

The validity and reliability of the evaluated questionnaires reflect the newness of this field. The underrepresentation of the social use of Internet is a problematic situation as it is causing considerable damages. Future research should consider that Internet addiction evaluation questionnaires need refinement. Appropriate strategies are proposed.

In recent years the number of youth given the diagnosis of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) has escalated and the question of overdiagnosis has been raised. The existence of the diagnoses on Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) and Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome PANS) has also been the subject of controversy.

This poster compares the symptoms of these two groups of disorders and presents one case to demonstrate how these disorders may confound the diagnostic presentation of a youngster with mood and behavioral symptoms.

The goal is to familiarize the reader with the symptomatic presentations of PBPD, vs. PANDAS and PANS and how to approach assessment and treatment issues.

Similarities and differences in the diagnostic criteria for all three disorders will be compared. A case demonstrating the importance of recognizing both groups of diagnoses for maximizing therapeutic interventions will be presented.

Comparison will indicate how one or both of these disorders may be responsible for a child's mood and behavioral symptoms. The importance of this in determining the approach to treatment will be discussed.

It is hypothesized that part of the significant rise in the number of youngsters being given the diagnosis of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder, may be due to the lack of recognition of PANS and / or PANDAS. Detailed history of symptomatology, past medical history, laboratory testing, family history of psychiatric illness as well as autoimmune disorders, may play an important role in the approach to treatment.

The cognitive processes are rather relevant in order to achieve a comprehensive and integrative recovery in schizophrenia and other psychosis.

To research the different variables implied in cognitive outcomes in psychosis in order to increase our knowledge to establish therapeutic interventions in this field.

An overall of 73 patients were included in the study. We used the SCIP and STROOP tests to measure the cognitive processes. We applied a comprehensive questionnaire for clinical and epidemiological variables including PANSS, SGPTS, GAF and SIX. After that, we constructed a binary logistic regression model with the following variables: positive, negative and general psychopathology PANSS subscales, PANSS subtype, first or second generation antipsychotic, stimulant drugs use, tobacco use, sex, age, onset age, number of psychotic episodes, global functioning and family history.

Having more than two family members affected by any psychiatric disease was associated to a lesser outcomes in short-term and immediate memory. Likewise higher scoring in positive subscale PANSS was also associated to a worse performance in short-term and long-term memory, so stimulant drugs use was also related to a lesser immediate memory and working memory. Finally, a better global functioning appeared as a factor related to a better overall learning.

Our data show that a heavy genetic factor exists as a variable influencing cognitive performance. Moreover, stimulant drugs use and positive symptoms are another variables which can be controlled in order to improve cognitive performance.

Both bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder are associated with elevated rates of completed and attempted suicide. No studies have examined whether there is an additive risk for suicidal behavior in patients diagnosed with both disorders. in the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project we tested the hypothesis that patients diagnosed with both bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder would have a higher rate of suicide attempts than patients with either diagnosis alone.

Three thousand four hundred and sixty-five psychiatric outpatients were interviewed with semi-structured interviews.

The suicide attempt rate in both the bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder groups was significantly higher than the rate in patients without either of these disorders. Compared to the bipolar patients without borderline personality disorder, the patients diagnosed with both bipolar and borderline personality disorder were significantly more likely to have made a prior suicide attempt (58.0% vs. 28.9%, p< .001) and to have made multiple suicide attempts (33.3% vs. 16.5%, p< .01). The patients with borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder were nonsignificantly more likely than the borderline patients without bipolar disorder to have made a prior suicide attempt (58.0% vs. 46.7%, p=n.s.) and to have made multiple suicide attempts (33.3% vs. 24.2%, p=n.s.)

While bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder are each risk factors for suicidal behavior, the cooccurrence of these disorders confers an additive risk.

Mindfulness has become an increasingly popular intervention or adjunct therapy but little is known about whether mindfulness attributes normally develop with healthy ageing. Despite many negative stereotypes, evidence is consistently emerging that one of the few benefits of ageing may be enhanced psychological well-being. Although mindfulness has been reported as an important predictor of well-being, research on mindfulness in older adults is scarce. One reason that older adults may improve in psychological well-being which has not been systematically examined is that healthy elders may become more mindful.

To examine the contribution of ageing and mindfulness to psychological well-being.

1. 1. To compare younger and older adults on mindfulness and psychological well-being.

2. 2. To examine the relationship between each facet of mindfulness and psychological well-being.

Participants comprised 292 healthy adults including a younger group (N = 122, aged 17 -35 years) and an older group (N = 170, aged 60 -80 years) and completed the Scale of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB; Ryff 1989), and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer et. al., 2006).

T-tests revealed that older adults were higher on all facets of mindfulness, and psychological well-being. Correlation analyses showed that all five facets of mindfulness were significantly correlated with psychological well-being.

Older adults were both more mindful and psychologically healthy. Each facet of mindfulness was a significant predictor of psychological well-being. Further research is required to replicate these findings and examine whether the positive relationship between age and well-being is mediated by mindfulness.

To investigate the difference of visual pattern memory among first-episode treatment-naive patients with deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia.

199 first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia, and 148 controls were recruited. Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS) was used to categorize the patients into deficit or nondeficit subtype. Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) was used to test the immediate and delayed mode of visual pattern memory. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale PANSS was used to assess the degree of patients symptoms.

The PRM immediate mode and delayed mode percent correct was significant lower and time latency was significant longer in two subtypes of patients. There were no significant difference in the performance of immediate mode of PRM between deficit and nondeficit patients[(86.49 ± 15.34) vs. (87.28 ± 16.00), P=0.960]. But the impairment was more severe in patients with deficit schizophrenia [percent correct (63.10 ± 19.17) vs. (70.69 ± 15.34), P< 0.001 time latency 5086.80 ± 7528.54 vs. 3527.40 ± 3649.08 P=0.024] in the delayed mode. and PRM has no significant correlation with the negative symptoms of deficit schizophrenia.

There were significant difference in the performance of immediate and delayed mode of PRM between patients and controls. The difference between first-episode treatment-naïve deficit schizophrenia and nondeficit schizophrenia was only in delayed mode of PRM, and has no correlation with the primary negative symptoms. The deficit schizophrenia is a subtype of schizophrenia with unique impairment of cognitive functions.

The aim of this study is to investigate the “Hospital Service providers” perception, attitude and actual practice in managing schizophrenia in Malaysia.

In this study, it was designed as a mixed -methods study. in the first phase, quantitative surveys have been implemented among 42 service providers. in the second phase, the descriptive qualitative study method was also used.

The questionnaires designed to gather the data relating to the respondent satisfied in managing Schizophrenia in Malaysia. Thirty five (or 83.3%) of the respondents are satisfied with the current Schizophrenic overall management, but twenty one (or 50.1%) of the respondents does not satisfy with current psychosocial interventions available in Malaysia. The qualitative found that, the psychiatrists responded that they are satisfied with current use of atypical antipsychotic in the hospitals but they are concerned with the lack of community services particularly in the university hospitals. The medical officers and general practitioners responded that they received many patients who were brought by their families to see them in outpatient clinic. However, many doctors failed to diagnose the disorder as they have a lack of training in diagnosing mental illness diseases. This is mainly due to misperception about mental illness particularly in rural areas among the Malay population.

The study concluded that more community awareness program needs to be done which emphasis on mental illness to reduce the duration of untreated illness and ensure active roles of family members in supervision of treatment.

Recognition of cognitive deficits in old-age depression is especially important since they contribute to poor function outcome, have strong implications for coping abilities and treatment compliance. However, substantial variability in cognitive deficits among older depressed persons has been reported. Clinical and demographic characteristics are likely to have contributed to inconsistencies in previous findings.

To assess effects of unipolar depression on cognitive performance in a population-based sample of elderly persons (60+ years).

An extensive cognitive test battery was administered. Eighty-nine persons fulfilled ICD-10 criteria for unipolar depression (mild, n=48; moderate; n=38, severe; n=3) after thorough screening for dementia (DSM-IV criteria), psychiatric comorbidities, antidepressant pharmacotherapy, and lastly preclinical dementia.

Unipolar old-age depression was associated with deficits in processing speed, attention, executive function, verbal fluency, and episodic free recall. No depression-related deficits were observed in short-term memory, semantic memory, or spatial ability. Increasing age did not exacerbate the cognitive deficits in old-age depression. The cognitive deficits remained significant after exclusion of persons with preclinical dementia, except free recall, where performance differences were at trend level.

Cognitive deficits in unipolar old-age depression involve a number of cognitive domains, and are also present among persons with mild depression. Importantly, no statistically significant performance differences between mild and moderate/severe depression were observed. Given the prevalence of depression in older populations, the impact of this disorder on cognitive functioning may be relatively large at the population level.

Chronic and persistent alcohol use is known to induce sexual dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is a health problem that affects not only the individual's sexual functionality but as well their physical and psychological well-being, affecting their mental health.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between erectile dysfunction and alcoholism in a clinical sample of 76 alcoholic patients.

The study sample consists of 76 men, admitted to an addiction center with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence syndrome. Data were collected through the IIEF questionnaire (assessment of ED), the SADQ-C (assessment of prevalenece of alcohol consumption), and a sociodemographic questionnaire.

Most patients of the sample exhibit a moderately satisfactory sexual function. However, it was not possible to confirm the existence of a relationship between the severity of alcoholism and sexual dysfunction.

Sexual dysfunction is common in patients with alcohol dependence. However, given the impact of treatment on sexual performance perceived by the respondents, it seems that this is an area that needs to be further investigated. Clinicians need to routinely assess sexual functioning in alcoholic patients so that other factors contributing to sexual dysfunction can be ruled out.

Adolescents with Internet addiction were also shown to have higher scores in neuroticism and psychoticism temperament categories than those of the control group.

There is not a study in the literature addressing the correlation between affective temperament profiles and the Internet addiction.

Our aim was to compare the affective temperament profiles and emotional and behavioural characteristics of adolescents with or without the Internet addiction.

This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. It was conducted in a high school. The study sample included 303 students. A sociodemographic characteristics data form, Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (DSQ), and The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPSA) were used to collect data.

Of the sample, 6.6% were found to be addicted to Internet. Having a computer in the home (p< 0.001) was found to be related with higher scores on the IAS. The prevalence rate of anxious temperament for Internet addicts was more than that for non-addicts (p< 0.001). Dysthymic (p< 0.01), cyclothymic (p< 0.01), hyperthymic (p< 0.01), irritable (p< 0.01), and anxious (p< 0.01) temperaments; conduct problems (p< 0.05), hyperactivity-inattention (p< 0.05), emotional symptoms (p< 0.05), and total difficulties (p< 0.01) were found to be correlated with IAS scores.

There is a relation between the Internet addiction and affective temperament profiles, especialy with anxious temperament. Furthermore, emotional and behavioural problems are more frequent in adolescents who have problematic Internet use.

To improve health entails training how to achieve a normal life and to help individuals at risk avoid high risk behaviors.

The research had an experimental method with pre- and post- test design. Statistical population of the research comprised all Payam-e-noor university students enrolling at academic year 2012-213 in Bobol branch. The studied sample of the research included 40 students dividing into two control and experimental groups, each with 20 students. Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) was used to collect data. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used as criteria for analyzing data, and finally data were transferred to SPSS spreadsheet.

Results from research indicated that a significant difference amongst mean, test anxiety variables, experimental groups before and after implementing lifestyle training program was found. As a result, it could be stated that life style training would result in decreasing test anxiety in university students.

All individuals demonstrate some regular patterns of behaviors and habits when they are facing tasks and events in their own life. That pattern represents their life style. There are ample evidence that support the belief that students are affecting by many stressful factors such as worrying, depression, loneliness, failure, anxiety and conflict. Consequently, they should be provided with mental health. Similarly, they should have an opportunity to live a condition where they can be brave enough to encounter the reality of their life in order to adapt themselves to the changes and develop their maximum capacities.