Mental health is a phenomenon which has been considered by psychologists, medical doctors and religious scholars and it is a combination of physical, social and cognitive factors.

This study was done to achieve the effect of teaching coping skills in providing mental health in students of Ardabil University of medical sciences.

Due to the nature and aims of the study, the study method was experimental research method.

The samples of the present study comprised all male and female students (n = 112) at Ardabil university of medical sciences and gained 23 or more in GHQ-28 questionnaire at the next stage the samples were selected randomly and divided in 2 groups .then, coping skills were taught to the experimental group for 4 weeks and no variable was exposed to the control group during this period at the end, the data from 62 individuals were analyzed by independent test.

The results showed that teaching coping skills effects on decreasing mental disorders symptoms especially somatization of symptoms and anxiety of students suspected to the mental disorder (R < 0.001) .but the teaching coping skills do not effect on decreasing depression and disorder of social functioning of students

This study showed that teaching coping skills is a good method in decreasing mental disorders symptoms among the students suspected to the mental disorder. Therefore it is suggested that in order to prevent and decrease mental disorders symptoms the coping skills should be taught to students.

In the United Kingdom, a Mental Health Tribunal has legal powers to discharge or uphold detention of patients who have been detained under the Mental Health Act. Detained patients cost a great deal of money for hospitals and tribunal services.

The purpose of the study was to identify whether patients were detained as per mental health legal criteria or not. We also considered the economic impact of these tribunals.

We collected and analyzed data from 300 tribunals held between 2006 and 2011.The most commonly used sections were - Sections 2, 3, 37 and 37/41.

Our analysis showed that:

1. - Majority of patients detained under Section 2 were not discharged.

2. - Very few patients detained under Section 37/41 were discharged.

Blumenthal and Wessley (1994) reported that the total cost of holding Mental Health Review Tribunals was £12,274,380. In Scotland, the total costs for all Tribunal related activity in 2006–07 was £12,784,909.

In the current economic scenario it is worth investigating cost effective alternatives to Tribunals - especially in cases of Section 2 and Section 37/41 - where the data indicates that tribunals do not change the original recommendation.

Viable alternative would include locally conducted Managers Hearings; However it is of paramount importance to ensure patients’ rights and the presence of independent panel members in such hearings.

We propose that more analysis, on a national level would be needed to determine the current cost of Mental Health Tribunals and to consider cost effective alternatives.

Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that are widely used both for sport and to achieve an athletic body image.

Its use has increased greatly in recent years.

The abuse is associated with side effects both physically (endocrine, cardiovascular, liver …) and psychological (anxiety disorders, depression, psychosis, aggression, suicide), in some cases severe and irreversible.

Many sports supplements are contaminated with these substances.

Based on the exposure of a clinical case, we conducted a systematic review in various databases.

25 year old male with no personal or family psychiatric history. It has no history of drug toxicity.

Coinciding with a period of major stress (working as a private escort and simultaneously preparing exams for police) he started intensive physical training and sports supplements diet (including anabolic steroids). The patient gradually begins to appear nervous, irritable and sleep disturbance. Acutely presents a picture of delusions of prejudice, self-referentiality and elevated distress so he needed an urgent psychiatric income. Was treated with risperidone 4 mg/day and lorazepam 5 mg/day. Psychotic symptoms disappeared within two days. During outpatient follow-up medication was gradually reduced. The evolution has been favorable getting a full recovery in few weeks.

The steroid-induced psychotic episodes are rare, mainly consisting of paranoid delusions or grandeur, usually in the context of a manic episode.

In most reported cases, the psychotic symptoms disappear quickly, within several weeks after discontinuation of the offending substance. Occasionally required a brief treatment with antipsychotics.

The majority of Irish Mental Health services are delievered in a sectored model. Recently there has been some debate in the literature regarding the advantages and disadvantages of alternative models of service provision including dedicated in-patient teams. Due to a number of local and national factors a dedicated in-patient mental health team was developed in one of the two admission units in St. Ita's Hospital in north county Dublin.

To study the operation of a dedicated in-patient psychiatric team in a stand alone psychiatric hospital.

We reviewed routinely collected service data between January 2009 and June 2010, including admission/discharge data, adverse incidents and mental health act data, to determine the effects of the dedicated in-patient team.

The dedicated inpatient team resulted in a 22% reduction in the in-patient population compared to the same time period prior to introduction (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in the rates of adverse incidents however a reduction was seen in the number of mental health tribunals in the same period.

Our study shows that a dedicated in-patient consultant lead teams can result in a significant reduction in hosptial admissions. Putative causative factors include greater availability of senior decision makers; improved responsiveness of medical staff due to lack of travel time between sites; a more consistent therapeutic environment due to reduced number of medical staff attending the unit.

The therapeutic relationship between clinican and patient is seen as a critically important element in the delievery of mental health care. Despite this there is little published research outlining the number of doctor patient relationsihps experienced by patients attending a sectored mental health service.

The aim of our study was to give a quantitative analysis of the number and length of doctor patient relationships experienced by patients attending a sectored commumity mental health serviee.

The medical records of 50 patients were chosen at random in a semi-urban community mental health service in Dublin. Each record was reviewed between 2000 to 2011 in order to establish the number of consultations and the duration of each doctor patient relationship within that time.

The survey revealed that the fifty patients selected had experienced a total of 2,343 consultations (average 47). Each patient had seen on average 14 different doctors (range 1–33) with an average doctor patient relationship lasting 3.4 consultations. Of note more then 50% of all doctor patient relationships were shown to be of 2 consultations or shorter.

Our survey confirms that patients attending a community mental health service experience a large number of short duration doctor patient relationships. We feel that this finding has significant implications regarding the ability of doctors to form therapeutic relationships and thus has further implications for service delievery as well as postgraduate training.

There is a need for systematic evaluation of treatment of out-patients in mental health services. Very few instruments for such evaluation that has been translated to Norwegian have been properly validated.

To document the psychometric properties of the Norwegian translation of the outcome-measure Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE-OM).

A clinical sample (N = 528) was collected from out-patient mental health services. A non-clinical convenience sample (N = 473) was also collected. A sub-sample of 81 from the non-clinical sample filled in the questionnaire four times, with one week between tests, alternating between the Norwegian translation and the original English version. The same sub-sample of 81 students was posed a question to measure psychological strain.

There were no significant differences in mean-scores between the sexes, neither in the non-clinical nor in the clinical sample. All mean scores were significantly higher in the clinical than in the non-clinical sample. The cut-off point for the Well-being items was higher for women, while the cut-off point for risk of suicide/harm to others was higher for men. Cut-off scores for Problem-items and Function-items was similar for men and women. The scores increased after exposure to psychological strain. Acceptability, internal consistency, test-retest stability, and the differences between scores in non-clinical and clinical samples were at the same level as in English data. Regarding cut-off scores, these are very similar also.

The Norwegian translation of the CORE-OM have psychometric properties very simialer to the English original, and could be recommended for general use.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often presents as an impairing lifelong condition in adults, yet it is currently under-diagnosed and under-treated in many European countries.

To establish the characteristics of the European (EU) adult ADHD patient relative to adult patients outside the EU (OEU).

To compare the baseline characteristics of patients with ADHD in regions where adult ADHD is relatively well established (e.g., USA), with EU adult ADHD patients.

Baseline data was used from the open-label acute treatment period of a multicenter, randomized, withdrawal trial of atomoxetine in adult patients with ADHD (N = 2017; EU, n = 1217; OEU, n = 800). All enrolled patients were included in the baseline analyses.

The demographics for patients in the EU region and regions OEU were comparable. Patients in the EU region had a somewhat lower percentage of prior exposure to psychostimulants compared to the region OEU (32.7% versus 38.9%, p = .005). Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Investigator Rated: Screening Version with adult ADHD prompts (18 item total, inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive subscales, and index) were comparable. The adult ADHD Quality of Life life outlook and life productivity domain scores were different between groups (p ≤ .0004). The EuroQol-5 Dimension UK and US population-based Index score, and health state score were comparable between groups.

There were some subtle differences between study groups; however, overall, the adult ADHD patients were not substantially different between the EU region and regions OEU, suggesting that baseline features of ADHD in adult EU patients manifest comparable to those in patients OEU.

Loneliness is a universal experience, which transcends age, gender, geography, and culture. Religion, and one's degree of religiosity, is known to significantly affect one's approach to life, behaviour, and social involvement.

To understand how religiosity affects the coping methods used to deal with loneliness.

Explore whether the coping with loneliness is influenced by one's degree of religious observance.

A total of two hundred and fifty participants who were composed of 28 secular/traditional, 54 conservative and 168 orthodox, self-identified Jews living in Israel volunteered to partake in the study. They answered a 34 yes/no loneliness questionnaire which tapped the following coping techniques: Reflection & acceptance; Self-development & understanding; Social support network; Distancing & denial; Religion & faith; and Increased activity Results indicated that the three groups significantly differed in their manner of coping with loneliness only on the Religion & Faith subscale, which was intuitively expected.

An overall MANCOVA did yield significant group differences in the means of coping with loneliness. ANCOVAs were subsequently calculated. Significant differences amongst the three groups were found in the Religion and Faith subscale, with Bonferroni indicating that both the Conservative and Orthodox groups reported significantly greater use of religion and faith as a means of coping than those adopting a secular or traditional approach to religion.

Religiosity does affect the manner of coping with loneliness. The present was a preliminary study directed at Israeli Jews. Similar studies with people of other religious denominations could further highlight that issue.

Multiple articles highlight the role of some organic pathologies causing depression. One common organic cause of depression is hyperparathyroidism, with hypercalcemia associated or not. The neuropsyquiatric symptoms related to primary hyperparathyroidism involved different types of presentations (anxious, affective, cognitive and psychotic). The most characteristic manifestations are depression with apathy and minus cognitive impairment.

Describe a case of depression by hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia to remark the importance of some organic factors in some types of depression.

Suggest re-evaluating the criteria of parathyroidectomy, in which are not included depression and cognitive impairment.

Male aged 71 affected by diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension and Parkinson's disease.

In the last 2 months, the patient progressively became more apathetic, sad (with occasional crying), with hyporexia, 4 kg weight loss in the last month, and important reduction of water intake. Analysis detects hypercalcemia.

Psych evaluation shows slightly time disorientation, hypophonic language, bradilalia with increased latency of response and hypotimia.

Diagnosis of moderate depression episode is made and escitalopram 10 mg/day is prescribed.

This reported case is a challenge, not only in a therapeutical level, but in a diagnostic level too because several organic depression ethiologies are involved. It's interesting to observe how the decreased water-intake, caused by depression, worsened hypercalcemia, showing a continuum between both, mental and organic pathology.

We think is necessary to re-evaluate the criteria of surgical intervention for parathyroid adenoma with hypercalcemia associated to establish whether psychiatric symptoms could be one of them or not.

Patients with severe mental illnesses (SMI) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Treatment with antipsychotics can induce and worsen cardiometabolic risk factors, like obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Rates of somatic treatment for cardiometabolic risk factors are limited in these patients. In clinical practice the decision to start somatic treatment depends on the risk for cardiovascular mortality according to risk charts based on the general population.

To investigate wether currently used cardiovascular risk scoring systems can be used in patients with SMI.

Assessement of cardiovascular risk in patients treated with antipsychotics.

Frequencies of cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed in 570 patients treated with antipsychotics. The estimated risk for cardiovascular mortality was determined according to the SCORE Absolute and Relative Risk Charts.

Preliminary analyses show that frequencies of cardiometabolic risk factors ranged from 10% for diabetes to 90% for dyslipidemia. The mean absolute risk of cardiovascular mortality was 1,9% whereas the mean relative risk was 2,5%. The absolute risk was moderate to high (≥5%) in 29 and high (≥10%) in 5 patients. The relative risk was moderate to high (≥5) in 33 and high (≥10) in 1 patient.

A discrepancy seems to be present between the high frequencies of cardiometabolic risk factors and the low absolute and relative risks according to the SCORE risk charts. It is advocated to develop a cardiovascular risk scoring system that is appropiate for use in patients with SMI so that somatic treatment can be started when nessesary.

Given the shortage of human resources and the launching of a new Mental Health Plan, recruitment of psychiatrists is currently a major concern in Portugal, as well as in several other countries.

Medical students’ attitude toward psychiatry has been pointed as a predictor of recruitment. Several studies reported the positive effect a clerkship has on the student's attitude towards psychiatry. This effect is particularly visible in clerkships that promote students to participate in the direct delivery of care.

To evaluate the medical students’ perception of psychiatry, and the impact on their intention to pursue psychiatry as a future specialty.

Two self-report questionnaires (Balon,1999) were administered to all 6th year students in a medical school in Lisbon, before and after a 4-weeks full-time psychiatric clerkship.

153 students were assessed. After the clerkship, there was a significant improvement regarding the overall merits of psychiatry, efficacy, role definition and functioning of psychiatrists, use of legal powers to hospitalize patients and specific medical school factors. There was also a significant increase of students decided or considering the possibility to take a residency in psychiatry.

However, perceptions of low prestige and negative pressure from family and peers regarding a future choice of psychiatry remained unchanged in about one-third of the students.

Clerkship had a favorable overall impact on the student attitude towards psychiatry, as well as in the number of students considering a future career in psychiatry. Attitudes toward psychiatry seems a promising outcome indicator of the clerkship's quality.