Hostname: page-component-7b9c58cd5d-dkgms Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-17T07:09:43.243Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Globalizing China: Confucius Institutes and the Paradoxes of Authenticity and Modernity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2025

Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Confucius Institutes, the language and culture programs funded by the Chinese government, have been established in more than 1,500 high schools and colleges worldwide since their debut in 2004. A centerpiece of China's soft power policy, they represent an effort to smooth China's path to superpower status by enhancing its global appeal. Yet Confucius Institutes have given rise to voluble and contentious public debate in host countries, where they have been both welcomed as a source of educational funding and cultural enrichment, and feared as spy outposts, neocolonial incursions, and obstructions to academic freedom. China in the World turns an anthropological lens on this highly visible and controversial globalization project in an effort to provide fresh insight into China's shifting place in the world.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2019

References

Albro, Robert. 2015. “The Disjunction of Image and Word in US and Chinese Soft Power Projection.” International Journal of Cultural Policy 21 (4): 382399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barr, Michael. 2012. “Nation Branding as Nation Building: China's Image Campaign.” East Asia 29: 8194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlant, Lauren. 2010. “Thinking about Feeling Historical.” In Political Emotions, edited by Staiger, Janet, Cvetkovich, Ann, and Reynolds, Ann, 229245. Florence, KY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bhabha, Homi. 1984. “Of Mimicry and Man: The Ambivalence of Colonial Discourse.” October 28: 125133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cai, Jianguo. 2010. “Shanghai shibohui he ahongguo wenhua ruanshili de goujian” (Constructing Chinese soft power at the Shanghai world expo). Qiushi lilun (Seeking truth theory), May 10. Accessed November 12, 2012.Google Scholar
Clifford, James. 1992. “Travelling Cultures.” In Cultural Studies, edited by Grossberg, Lawrence, Nelson, Cary, and Treichler, Paula, 96116. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cobb, Russell. 2014. “Introduction: The Artifice of Authenticity in the Age of Digital Reproduction.” In The Paradox of Authenticity in a Globalized World, edited by Cobb, Russell, 19. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comaroff, Jean, and Comaroff, John L. 1999. “Occult Economies and the Violence of Abstraction: Notes from the South African Postcolony.” American Ethnologist 26 (2): 279303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David-Fox, Michael. 2011. Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy and Western Visitors to the Soviet Union, 1921–1941. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
d'Hooghe, Ingrid. 2014. China's Public Diplomacy. Boston, MA: Brill Hijhoff.Google Scholar
Ebron, Paula. 1999. “Tourists as Pilgrims: Commercial Fashioning of Transatlantic Politics.” American Ethnologist 26 (4): 910932.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fallon, Tracey. 2014. “Chinese Fever and Cool Heads: Confucius Institutes and China's National Identities.” China Media Research 10 (1): 3546.Google Scholar
Gladney, Dru. 1994. “Representing Nationality in China: Refiguring Majority/Minority Identities.” Journal of Asian Studies 53 (1): 92123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glaser, Bonnie, and Murphy, Melissa. 2009. “Soft Power with Chinese Characteristics: The Ongoing Debate.” In Chinese Soft Power and Its Implications for the United States: Competition and Cooperation in the Developing World, edited by McGiffert, Carola, 1026. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies.Google Scholar
Graan, Andrew. 2013. “Counterfeiting the Nation? Skopje 2014 and the Politics of Nation Branding in Macedonia.” Cultural Anthropology 28 (1): 161179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, Xiaolin. 2008. Repackaging Confucius: PRC Public Diplomacy and the Rise of Soft Power. Stockholm: Institute for Security and Development Policy.Google Scholar
Handler, Richard. 2013. “Disciplinary Adaptation and Undergraduate Desire: Anthropology and Global Development Studies in the Liberal Arts Curriculum.” Cultural Anthropology 28 (2): 181203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, Karen. 2009. Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
hooks, bell. (1992) 2006. “Eating the Other: Desire and Resistance.” In Media and Cultural Studies: KeyWorks, edited by Durham, Meenakshi Gigi and Kellner, Douglas M., 366380. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Hua, Zhu, and Wei, Li. 2014. “Geopolitics and the Changing Hierarchies of the Chinese Language: Implications for Policy and Practice of Chinese Language Teaching in Britain.” Modern Language Journal 98 (1): 326339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubbert, Jennifer. 2017. “Back to the Future: The Politics of Culture at the Shanghai Expo.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 20 (1): 4864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalathil, Shanti. 2011. “China's Soft Power in the Information Age: Think Again.” ISD Working Papers in New Diplomacy, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, May. Accessed October 14, 2014.Google Scholar
Lai, Hongyi. 2012. “China's Cultural Diplomacy: Going for Soft Power.” In China's Soft Power and International Relations, edited by Lai, Hongyi and Lu, Yiyi, 83103. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latour, Bruno. 1993. We Have Never Been Modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Litzinger, Ralph. 2000. Other Chinas: The Yao and the Politics of National Belonging. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Li, Mingjiang. 2009. “Soft Power in Chinese Discourse: Popularity and Prospect.” In Soft Power: China's Emerging Strategy in International Politics, edited by Mingjiang, Li, 2144. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Xiaohua, Li. 2007. “Confucius Institutes Taking Chinese to the World.” China.org.cn, March 23. Accessed March 23, 2007.Google Scholar
Kang, Liu. 2012. “Searching for a Cultural Identity: China's Soft Power and Media Culture Today.” Journal of Contemporary China 21 (78): 915931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacCannell, Dean. 1976. The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: Schocken Books.Google Scholar
Mosse, David. 2005. Cultivating Development: An Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice. Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Nye, Joseph. 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs.Google Scholar
Ong, Aihwa. 2011. “Introduction: Worlding Cities, or the Art of Being Global.” In Worlding Cities: Asian Experiments and the Art of Being Global, edited by Roy, Ananya and Ong, Aihwa, 126. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Orta, Andrew. 2013. “Managing the Margins: MBA Training, International Business, and ‘the Value Chain of Culture.’|stAmerican Ethnologist 40 (4): 689703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schein, Louisa. 2000. Minority Rules: The Miao and the Feminine in China's Cultural Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Heather. 2014. “The Politics of Affect in Confucius Institutes: Re-orienting Foreigners towards the PRC.” New Global Studies 8 (3): 353375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
China's Confucius Institutes and the ‘Necessary White Body’.” Canadian Journal of Sociology 38 (4): 647668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shryock, Andrew. 2012. “Breaking Hospitality Apart: Bad Hosts, Bad Guests, and the Problem of Sovereignty.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 18 (s1): S20S33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stambach, Amy. 2014. Confucius and Crisis in American Universities: Culture, Capital, and Diplomacy in U.S. Public Higher Education. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, Charles. 2002. “Modern Social Imaginaries.” Public Culture 14 (1): 91124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsing, Anna. 2000a. “The Global Situation.” Cultural Anthropology 15 (3): 327360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2000b. “Inside the Economy of Appearances. Public Culture 12 (1): 115144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
US Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Affairs. 2012. The Price of Public Diplomacy with China. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives. 112th Cong. (March 28).Google Scholar
Wang, Hongying. 2011. “China's Image Projection and Its Impact.” In Soft Power in China: Public Diplomacy through Communication, edited by Wang, Jian, 3756. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhan, Mei. 2005. “Civet Cats, Fried Grasshoppers, and David Beckham's Pajamas: Unruly Bodies after SARS.” American Anthropologist 107 (1): 3142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Other-Worldly: Making Chinese Medicine through Transnational Frames. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Zhang, Yuzhi, and Li, Ying. 2010. “On the Necessity of the CPC's Construction in Soft Power.” International Journal of Business and Management 5 (4): 204207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, Ying, and Luk, Sabrina. 2016. “Establishing Confucius Institutes: A Tool for Promoting China's Soft Power?Journal of Contemporary China 25 (100): 628642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar