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Chapter 10 - General Principles of Safe Anaesthesia in Children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2025

By
Emma Stockton  and
David de Beer
Edited by
James Ip ,
Grant Stuart ,
Isabeau Walker  and
Ian James
James Ip
Affiliation:
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London
Grant Stuart
Affiliation:
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London
Isabeau Walker
Affiliation:
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London
Ian James
Affiliation:
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London
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Summary

Patient safety is the avoidance of unintended or unexpected harm to people during the provision of health care. Anaesthetists have been leaders in patient safety for decades. In the United Kingdom, wholesale reform of children’s surgical delivery was undertaken after review of paediatric surgical outcomes in the 1990s, and in cardiac surgery, after an anaesthetist noted poor patient outcomes in children undergoing the arterial switch operation (see Kennedy 1996 in ‘Further Reading’).

Keywords

Paediatric anaesthesiapatient safetyanaesthesia risklaryngospasmanaphylaxisemergence delirium
Type
Chapter
Information
Core Topics in Paediatric Anaesthesia , pp. 101 - 113
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

Further Reading

Bhanaker, SM, Ramamoorthy, C, Geiduschek, JM et al. Anesthesia-related cardiac arrest in children: update from the pediatric perioperative cardiac arrest registry. Anesthesia & Analgesia 2007; 105:344–50.Google Scholar
Dahmani, S, Stany, I, Brasher, C et al. Pharmacological prevention of sevoflurane- and desflurane-related emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010; 104:216–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, AJ, Smith, KR, Bkusse van Oud-Alblas, HT et al. Awareness in children: a secondary analysis of five APRICOT GIRFT cohort studies. Anaesthesia 2011; 66:446–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollnagel, E, Wears, RL, Braithwaite, J. From Safety-I to Safety-II: A White Paper. The Resilient Health Care Net: Published simultaneously by the University of Southern Denmark, University of Florida, USA, and Macquarie University, Australia. 2015. Available at: www.england.nhs.uk/signuptosafety/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/2015/10/safety-1-safety-2-whte-papr.pdf. Accessed 13 March 24.Google Scholar
Kennedy, I. Learning from Bristol. The Report of the Public Enquiry into Children’s Heart Surgery at the Bristol Royal Infirmary 1984–1995. 2001.Google Scholar
Available at: www.bristol-inquiry.org.uk/final_report/the_report.pdf. Accessed 13 March 2024.Google Scholar
Lake, C, Beecroft, CL. Extravasation injuries and accidental intra-arterial injection. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain 2010; 10:109–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, K, Fortune, PM. Paediatric Critical Care. GIRFT Programme National Speciality Report 2022. 2022. Available at: https://gettingitrightfirsttime.co.uk/medical_specialties/paediatric-critical-care/. Accessed 13 March 2024.Google Scholar
National Health Service. Workstream: ‘Getting It Right First Time’. Available at https://gettingitrightfirsttime.co.uk/workstreams/#surgical. Accessed 13 March 24.Google Scholar
Rappaport, B, Mellon, RD, Simone, A, Woodcock, J. Defining safe use of anesthesia in children. New England Journal of Medicine 2011; 364:1387–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Royal College of Anaesthetists. Guidance on the provision of paediatric anaesthesia services 2010. 2010. Available at: www.rcoa.ac.uk/node/714. Accessed 14 August 2012.Google Scholar
SmartTots (Strategies for Mitigating Anesthesia-Related Neurotoxicity in Tots). Available at: www.smarttots.org. Accessed 16 August 2012.Google Scholar
Sury, MR, Arumainathan, R, Belhaj, AM, MacG Palmer, JH, Cook, TM, Pandit, JJ. The state of UK pediatric anesthesia: a survey of National Health Service activity. Paediatric Anaesthesia 2015; 25(11):1085–92. DOI: 10.1111/pan.12753.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van der Griend, BF, Lister, NA, McKenzie, IM et al. Postoperative mortality in children after 101,885 anesthetics at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Anesthesia & Analgesia 2011; 112:1440–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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