It is clear that the journeys of Black PhD students are shaped by a huge number of factors within and beyond education. Accounts in this part have highlighted the many obstacles facing Black students, but also the areas for improvement, and the power of community action. As an educator, parent or any other community or institutional member, where do you think change can be made?

Many of us strive for equitable change and increased opportunities for Black students. However, in the meantime, students continue to enter a system that is hostile to them. How do we balance being honest with students about the struggles in progression and precarity in academia, without deterring them from potential opportunities? Are there any actions that are needed alongside these conversations?