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  • 7 - Actors and Conflicts at the EU Level

  • from Part II - Policymaking: Actors and Conflict Structures
  • Hanspeter Kriesi, European University Institute, Florence, Argyrios Altiparmakis, European University Institute, Florence, Ábel Bojár, 21 Research Center, Budapest, Ioana-Elena Oană, European University Institute, Florence
  • Book:
    Coming to Terms with the European Refugee Crisis
    Published online:
    04 February 2024
    Print publication:
    08 February 2024, pp 152-172
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  • Summary

    This chapter presents the conflict structure at the EU level. International conflicts prevailed, and they were mainly of three types – vertical conflicts between the EU and its member states, transnational conflicts between member states, and externalization conflicts between the EU/member states and third countries. Other types of conflicts were secondary. The emerging conflict structure, which was consolidated only in the long period after the conclusion of the EU–Turkey agreement, is characterized by the antagonistic relationship between three camps – the EU core coalition (including destination and frontline states in addition to EU actors); the coalition of transit and bystander states; and the coalition of civil society actors, international organizations, and domestic opposition parties. The two-dimensional conflict space is structured by a dimension that opposes the pragmatic, ”realist” EU and its allies to its principled adversaries and a dimension that distinguishes its humanitarian from its nationalist adversaries.