This chapter explains why education is a special application domain of AI that focuses on optimizing human learning and teaching. We outline multiple perspectives on the role of AI in education, highlighting the importance of the augmentation perspective in which human learners and teachers closely collaborate with AI supporting human strengths. To illustrate the variety of AI applications used in the educational sector, we provide an overview of students-faced, teacher-faced, and administrative AI solutions. Next, we discuss the ethical and social impacts of AI in education and outline how ethics in AI and education have developed from the Beijing consensus after UNESCO’s conference on AI in Education 2019, to the recent European ethical guidelines on the use of AI and data in teaching and learning for educators. Finally, we introduce an example of the Dutch value compass for the digital transformation of education and the embedded ethics approach of the National Education Lab AI around developing and cocreating new intelligent innovations in collaboration with educational professionals, scientists, and companies.