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2 results

Probability and Inductive Logic

Probability and Inductive Logic
  • Antony Eagle
  • Published online:
    30 January 2025
    Print publication:
    30 January 2025
    • Element
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  • Reasoning from inconclusive evidence, or 'induction', is central to science and any applications we make of it. For that reason alone it demands the attention of philosophers of science. This element explores the prospects of using probability theory to provide an inductive logic: a framework for representing evidential support. Constraints on the ideal evaluation of hypotheses suggest that the overall standing of a hypothesis is represented by its probability in light of the total evidence, and incremental support, or confirmation, indicated by the hypothesis having a higher probability conditional on some evidence than it does unconditionally. This proposal is shown to have the capacity to reconstruct many canons of the scientific method and inductive inference. Along the way, significant objections are discussed, such as the challenge of inductive scepticism, and the objection that the probabilistic approach makes evidential support arbitrary.

  • 11 - Entailment and Reasoning

  • Edwin Mares, Victoria University of Wellington
  • Book:
    The Logic of Entailment and its History
    Published online:
    08 February 2024
    Print publication:
    15 February 2024, pp 215-227

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the application of the logic to actual theories. In particular, it discusses the use of this relevant logic to make inferences about classical theories. It also examines the internal structure of theories and the nature of the conditionals in those theories. At the end of the chapter, some suggestions are made about generalizing the semantical theory of the book to treat the application of background scientific theories to other theories and some consequences for scientific confirmation.