Islamic banks create an interest in their own right as a rising branch infinancial intermediation, particularly in the post-crisis era. In addition, theyalso deserve the attention of students of Islamism due to their possibleconnection with Islamic movements. Through a comparison of Islamic andconventional banking, we analyze the motivations and behavior of Islamiceconomic actors who determine the cash flow to Islamic banks. Our findingssuggest that, in contrast to popular views that portray these actors asideologues or financiers of radical Islam, they have pragmatic motivations andmay adapt to liberal systems in order to seize economic incentives.