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Minkowski decomposability of polytopes is developed via geometric graphs and decomposing functions; recall, a geometric graph is a realisation in $\R^{d}$ of a graph $G$ where distinct vertices of $G$ correspond to distinct points in $\R^{d}$, edges in $G$ correspond to line segments, and no three vertices are collinear. One advantage of this approach is its versatility. The decomposability of polytopes reduces to the decomposability of geometric graphs, which are not necessarily polytopal. And the decomposability of geometric graphs often revolves around the existence of suitable subgraphs or useful properties in the graphs. Section 6.3 is devoted to the classification of polytopes with at most $2d+1$ vertices into composable and decomposable. The chapter concludes with an interlude on polytopes that admit both a decomposable realisation and an indecomposable realisation. It is one of the few places in the book where we deal with a noncombinatorial property. Whereas the combinatorial type of a polytope can have many distinct realisations, here we will be concerned with concrete realisations of the type and their properties.
This book introduces convex polytopes and their graphs, alongside the results and methodologies required to study them. It guides the reader from the basics to current research, presenting many open problems to facilitate the transition. The book includes results not previously found in other books, such as: the edge connectivity and linkedness of graphs of polytopes; the characterisation of their cycle space; the Minkowski decomposition of polytopes from the perspective of geometric graphs; Lei Xue's recent lower bound theorem on the number of faces of polytopes with a small number of vertices; and Gil Kalai's rigidity proof of the lower bound theorem for simplicial polytopes. This accessible introduction covers prerequisites from linear algebra, graph theory, and polytope theory. Each chapter concludes with exercises of varying difficulty, designed to help the reader engage with new concepts. These features make the book ideal for students and researchers new to the field.
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