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3 results

  • Chapter 43 - Chorea

  • from Section 3: - Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders
  • Edited by Erik Ch. Wolters, Universität Zürich, Christian R. Baumann, Universität Zürich
  • Book:
    International Compendium of Movement Disorders
    Published online:
    07 January 2025
    Print publication:
    06 February 2025, pp 540-556

  • Summary

    Chorea is a state of excessive, spontaneous movements, irregularly timed, non-repetitive, randomly distributed, and abrupt in character. The severity of movements may vary from restlessness with mild intermittent exaggeration of gesture and expression, fidgeting movements of the hands, and dance-like gait to a continuous flow of disabling violent movements. The pathogenesis of chorea is mainly related to striatal dysfunction. The classification of the causes of choreatic dyskinesias is complex and involves many clinical entities, both hereditary and acquired. The severity of chorea can be reduced by antipsychotics, tetrabenazine or benzodiazepines.

  • Young systemic lupus erythematosus patients with no hearing involvement: 10-year follow up

  • J R García-Berrocal, B De Diego, A Roldán-Fidalgo, M Yebra-Bango, I Millán, A Trinidad, R Ramírez-Camacho
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 127 / Issue 1 / January 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 December 2012, pp. 38-42
    Print publication:
    January 2013
  • Objective:

    To evaluate patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and normal hearing over 10 years, compared with healthy controls.

    Methods:

    Thirty patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus were evaluated in a prospective, descriptive study. Eight patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, i.e. normal otoscopy, normal hearing, normal imaging and disease duration of less than one year. Eleven healthy companions of ENT patients were recruited as controls.

    Results:

    At study commencement, the mean patient age was 32.75 years (range, 15–49 years) and there were no statistically significant audiometric differences between patients and controls. No statistically significant audiometric changes were found either within or between the patient and control groups at 10-year follow up.

    Conclusion:

    These results supply no evidence for progressive hearing loss in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with no hearing involvement at study commencement. Therefore, we recommend audiometric tests only for systemic lupus erythematosus patients complaining of hearing loss, or for other clinical purposes. It is conceivable that asymptomatic hearing loss could be observed over a more extended follow-up period (i.e. more than 10 years).