The Afterword returns to the origin of the volume, a project conceived by the late historian David Fitzpatrick. Foster reflects on Fitzpatrick’s legacy as an historian of modern Ireland and the diaspora, examining his influence on Irish and international historiography. He traces Fitzpatrick’s scholarship from his pioneering first monograph, Politics and Irish Life 1913–1921: Provincial Experiences of War and Revolution (1977) to his posthumous monograph, The Americanisation of Ireland: Migration and Settlement 1841–1925, and his plans for this volume. Fitzpatrick pioneered new methods for his historical research of the Irish Revolution and his explorations of emigrant letters, and Foster highlights the influence of his scholarship on later generations. He draws connections between this volume and Fitzpatrick’s publications, noting the enduring legacy of Fitzpatrick’s work and his influence.

The transition from Parnell’s domination of Irish politics to the development and aftermath of the Irish revolution has been variously interpreted by influential mythographers, notably W. B. Yeats and Patrick Pearse. This essay takes a different angle, querying Conor Cruise O’Brien’s celebrated statement that Parnell ‘deviated into literature’, emphasizing the shifts of influence towards the agency of women’s political organizations, reasserting the importance of the conservative underpinning provided by the revolution in landownership, and questioning the influential but misplaced emphasis on Parnell’s supposed latter-day Fenian sympathies. Concerning the eventual outcome of the revolution, and the kind of Ireland that emerged, the result of the Treaty might be seen not only as consistent with Arthur Griffith’s long-term aims, but squarely in line with the kind of Home Rule Ireland outlined by Parnell to a confidant forty years before: ‘a small-c conservative government, backed by the Irish democracy and peasant proprietary, linked to the Empire by Crown and an imperial contribution, and with enough economic autonomy to protect and encourage Irish industries’. This was a far cry from the ideal nurtured by Pearse and many of the revolutionary generation, but it buttresses Parnell’s claim to be considered a maker of modern Ireland.