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A novel phylogeny for the genus Echinococcus, based on nuclear data, challenges relationships based on mitochondrial evidence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2009

U. SAARMA ,
I. JÕGISALU ,
E. MOKS ,
A. VARCASIA ,
A. LAVIKAINEN ,
A. OKSANEN ,
S. SIMSEK ,
V. ANDRESIUK ,
G. DENEGRI  and
L. M. GONZÁLEZ
...Show all authors
U. SAARMA*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
I. JÕGISALU
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014, Tartu, Estonia Department of Game Monitoring, Centre of Forest Protection and Silviculture, Rõõmu tee 2, 51013, Tartu, Estonia
E. MOKS
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
A. VARCASIA
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Biologia Animale Sezione di Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari
A. LAVIKAINEN
Affiliation:
Department of Bacteriology and Immunology (FINPAR), Haartman Institute, P.O. Box 21, FI-00014University of Helsinki, Finland
A. OKSANEN
Affiliation:
Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Fish and Wildlife Health Research Unit (FINPAR), P.O. Box 517, FI-90101Oulu, Finland
S. SIMSEK
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
V. ANDRESIUK
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasitic Zoonoses, Department of Biology, FCEyN, Mar del Plata National University, Funes 3350, CP 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (CONICET)
G. DENEGRI
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasitic Zoonoses, Department of Biology, FCEyN, Mar del Plata National University, Funes 3350, CP 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina (CONICET)
L. M. GONZÁLEZ
Affiliation:
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Ctra. Majadahonda Pozuelo Km 2,2, 28220Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
E. FERRER
Affiliation:
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Ctra. Majadahonda Pozuelo Km 2,2, 28220Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain Departamento de Parasitología and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela
T. GÁRATE
Affiliation:
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Ctra. Majadahonda Pozuelo Km 2,2, 28220Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
L. RINALDI
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
P. MARAVILLA
Affiliation:
Direccion de Investigacion, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, SSA, MexicoDF, Mexico
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014, Tartu, Estonia. Tel: +37 27375099. Fax: +37 27375830. E-mail: Urmas.Saarma@ut.ee
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Summary

The taxonomic status of Echinococcus, an important zoonotic cestode genus, has remained controversial, despite numerous attempts to revise it. Although mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been the source of markers of choice for reconstructing the phylogeny of the genus, results derived from mtDNA have led to significant inconsistencies with earlier species classifications based on phenotypic analysis. Here, we used nuclear DNA markers to test the phylogenic relationships of members of the genus Echinococcus. The analysis of sequence data for 5 nuclear genes revealed a significantly different phylogeny for Echinococcus from that proposed on the basis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data, but was in agreement with earlier species classifications. The most notable results from the nuclear phylogeny were (1) E. multilocularis was placed as basal taxon, (2) all genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus grouped as a monophyletic entity, and (3) genotypes G8 and G10 clustered together. We conclude that the analysis of nuclear DNA data provides a more reliable means of inferring phylogenetic relationships within Echinococcus than mtDNA and suggest that mtDNA should not be used as the sole source of markers in future studies where the goal is to reconstruct a phylogeny that does not only reflect a maternal lineage, but aims to describe the evolutionary history at species level or higher.

Keywords

Echinococcusnuclear genesmitochondrial genesphylogeny
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 136 , Issue 3 , March 2009 , pp. 317 - 328
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 Cambridge University Press

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