Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-956mj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-14T13:08:20.745Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Turbulent pipe flow response to a step change in surface roughness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2020

T. Van Buren Open the ORCID record for T. Van Buren [Opens in a new window] ,
D. Floryan Open the ORCID record for D. Floryan [Opens in a new window] ,
L. Ding ,
L. H. O. Hellström Open the ORCID record for L. H. O. Hellström [Opens in a new window]  and
A. J. Smits Open the ORCID record for A. J. Smits [Opens in a new window]
T. Van Buren*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716, USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ18954, USA
D. Floryan
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ18954, USA
L. Ding
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ18954, USA
L. H. O. Hellström
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ18954, USA
A. J. Smits
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ18954, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: vanburen@udel.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The long-lasting response of turbulent pipe flow to a step change in surface roughness from rough to smooth is examined. Global flow characteristics such as the pressure gradient, skin friction and mean streamwise momentum attain their equilibrium values within approximately 20 radii downstream of the step change, but the turbulent stresses are exceedingly slow to adjust to the new wall condition (${>}120\ \textrm {radii}$), and they first fall below their equilibrium values before seemingly asymptoting to the full recovery state. To help understand this response, we develop a model that captures both the long development length and the second-order response of the turbulence, and we use a scale decomposition to connect the large-scale motions to the response behaviour.

JFM classification

Turbulent Flows: Turbulence modelling Turbulent Flows: Turbulence theory
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 904 , 10 December 2020 , A38
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adrian, R. J. & Westerweel, J. 2011 Particle Image Velocimetry. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Antonia, R. A. & Luxton, R. E. 1971 The response of a turbulent boundary layer to a step change in surface roughness. Part 1. Smooth to rough. J. Fluid Mech. 48 (04), 721–761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antonia, R. A. & Luxton, R. E. 1972 The response of a turbulent boundary layer to a step change in surface roughness. Part 2. Rough-to-smooth. J. Fluid Mech. 53 (4), 737–757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernard, P. S. & Wallace, J. M. 2002 Turbulent Flow: Analysis, Measurement, and Prediction. John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Chamorro, L. P. & Porté-Agel, F. 2009 Velocity and surface shear stress distributions behind a rough-to-smooth surface transition: a simple new model. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 130 (1), 29–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, H. & Castro, I. P. 2002 Near-wall flow development after a step change in surface roughness. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 105 (3), 411–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crow, S. C. 1968 Viscoelastic properties of fine-grained incompressible turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 33, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efros, V. & Krogstad, P. 2011 Development of a turbulent boundary layer after a step from smooth to rough surface. Exp. Fluids 51 (6), 1563–1575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanson, R. E. & Ganapathisubramani, B. 2016 Development of turbulent boundary layers past a step change in wall roughness. J. Fluid Mech. 795, 494–523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harun, Z., Monty, J. P., Mathis, R. & Marusic, I. 2013 Pressure gradient effects on the large-scale structure of turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 715, 477–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hellström, L. H. O., Sinha, A. & Smits, A. J. 2011 Visualizing the very-large-scale motions in turbulent pipe flow. Phys. Fluids 23 (1), 011703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hellström, L. H. O. & Smits, A. J. 2014 The energetic motions in turbulent pipe flow. Phys. Fluids 26 (12), 125102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kähler, C. J., Scharnowski, S. & Cierpka, C. 2012 On the resolution limit of digital particle image velocimetry. Exp. Fluids 52 (6), 1629–1639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J. H., Monty, J. P. & Hutchins, N. 2016 Validating under-resolved turbulence intensities for PIV experiments in canonical wall-bounded turbulence. Exp. Fluids 57 (8), 129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M. & Moser, R. D. 2015 Direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow up to $Re_\tau \approx 5200$. J. Fluid Mech. 774, 395–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, M., de Silva, C. M., Rouhi, A., Baidya, R., Chung, D., Marusic, I. & Hutchins, N. 2019 Recovery of wall-shear stress to equilibrium flow conditions after a rough-to-smooth step change in turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 872, 472–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loureiro, J. B. R., Sousa, F. B. C. C., Zotin, J. L. Z. & Freire, A. P. S. 2010 The distribution of wall shear stress downstream of a change in roughness. Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow 31 (5), 785–793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moser, R. D. & Moin, P. 1984 Direct numerical simulation of curved turbulent channel flow. NASA Technical Memorandum 8597.Google Scholar
Mulhearn, P. J. 1978 A wind-tunnel boundary-layer study of the effects of a surface roughness change: rough to smooth. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 15 (1), 3–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikuradse, J. 1950 Laws of Flow in Rough Pipes. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.Google Scholar
Rotta, J. C. 1951 Statistische theorie nichthomogener turbulenz. Z. Phys. 129 (6), 547–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saito, N. & Pullin, D. I. 2014 Large eddy simulation of smooth–rough–smooth transitions in turbulent channel flows. Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer 78, 707–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scharnowski, S., Hain, R. & Kähler, C. J. 2012 Reynolds stress estimation up to single-pixel resolution using PIV-measurements. Exp. Fluids 52 (4), 985–1002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlichting, H. 1968 Boundary Layer Theory. McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Segalini, A., Bellani, G., Sardina, G., Brandt, L. & Variano, E. A. 2014 Corrections for one-and two-point statistics measured with coarse-resolution particle image velocimetry. Exp. Fluids 55 (6), 1739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smits, A. J. & Wood, D. H. 1985 The response of turbulent boundary layers to sudden perturbations. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 17 (1), 321–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smits, A. J., Young, S. T. B. & Bradshaw, P. 1979 The effect of short regions of high surface curvature on turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 94 (2), 209–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Buren, T., Hellström, L. H. O. & Smits, A. J. 2019 Turbulent pipe flow response to rough-to-smooth step change in roughness: flow structure. In Proceedings of Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena, vol. 11.Google Scholar
Westerweel, J. & Scarano, F. 2005 Universal outlier detection for PIV data. Exp. Fluids 39 (6), 1096–1100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, D. H. 1982 Internal boundary layer growth following a step change in surface roughness. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 22 (2), 241–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar