Introduction
The genus Waynea is rather well represented in the Iberian Peninsula. Waynea stoechadiana is the most common species, occurring abundantly in south-western Spain and south-eastern Portugal. Waynea adscendens is known from south-eastern Spain (Roux et al. Reference Roux, Clerc, Clauzade and Bricaud1995) and north-eastern Portugal (van den Boom & Giralt Reference van den Boom and Giralt1999). Waynea cretica is recorded here for the first time from Portugal and it seems to be rare in the eastern Algarve. Two species are known from the genus elsewhere. Waynea californica is not known from Europe but occurs in the western USA (Moberg Reference Moberg1990, Reference Moberg, Nash, Ryan, Gries and Bungartz2002) and Waynea hirsuta Tretiach is known from Russia (Siberia) only (Tretiach Reference Tretiach1998). The genus Waynea has recently been studied by Llop (Reference Llop2006), who provides a survey of the genus. The present study describes a further species, Waynea giraltiae, from southern Portugal and Spain.
An extensive search for earlier names in relevant literature [e.g. Sampaio (Reference Sampaio1970), Moberg (Reference Moberg1990, Reference Moberg, Nash, Ryan, Gries and Bungartz2002), Roux & Clerc (Reference Roux and Clerc1991), Roux & Giralt (Reference Roux and Giralt1991), Roux et al. (Reference Roux, Clerc, Clauzade and Bricaud1995), Tretiach (Reference Tretiach1998), Llop (Reference Llop2006)] has been carried out, but without any information which could refer to the new species. A recent visit to the herbarium of PO by the author, checking mainly the collections made by G. Sampaio (including those from Algarve) of bacidioid genera, such as Bacidia, Bacidina, Hypocenomyce, Phyllopsora and Toninia, proved that none of the specimens refer to the new species.
Material and Methods
This study is based on specimens of the genus Waynea from USA, Spain and Portugal, collected by the author. All specimens are kept in the private herbarium of van den Boom, except the type specimen of Waynea giraltiae which is in BCN. The type collection was analyzed by TLC, with solvent C. Spot tests were used for several specimens to prove the presence of argopsin.
Comparative specimens examined. Waynea adscendens Rico: Portugal: Beira Alta: Serra da Estrela, S of Manteigas, Caldas de Manteigas, trout nursery, source with N slope, on Fraxinus angustifolia, 7° 32.30′ W, 40° 23.30′ N, 750 m, 1995, P. & B. van den Boom 17247.
Waynea californica Moberg: USA: California: Monterey, between Big Sur and Morro Bay, Nacimiento, near crossing south coast/north coast trail, W sloping Quercus forest, 121° 27.1′ W, 36° 00.6′ N, 840 m, 2002, P. & B. van den Boom 29466; NE of San Diego, S of Ramona, Barona Ranch Indian Reservation, area with granite rocks and Quercus trees, 116° 48.0′ W, 33° 00.0′ N, 600 m, 2000, P. & B. van den Boom 25219.
Waynea cretica Llop: Portugal: Algarve: NNE of Albufeira, c. 9 km NE of Alte, Pé de Coelho, along road to the north, to Malhão, old orchard with Olea europaea, Ceratonia siliqua and Ficus carica, on Olea, 8° 05.87′ W, 37° 18.03′ N, 274 m, 2009, P. & B. van den Boom 41719; W of Vila Real de Santo António, ENE of Tavira, Corte António Martins, on roadside Quercus rotundifolia trees, 7° 34.0′ W, 37° 14.4′ N, 185 m, 2003, P. & B. van den Boom 31229, 31213; NE of Albufeira, Paderne, W side of the village, orchard with Olea europaea, on Olea, 8° 11.93′ W, 37° 11.23′ N, 60 m, 21 i 2009, P. & B. van den Boom 41511, 41515; NE of Albufeira, between Boliqueime and Paderne, 1·5 km SE of Paderne, along road, orchard with Ceratonia siliqua, Ficus carica and Olea europaea, on Ceratonia, 8° 10.37′ W, 37° 10.28′ N, 105 m, 2009, P. & B. van den Boom 41508.
Waynea stoechadiana (Abassi Maaf et Roux) Roux et Clerc: Spain: Huelva: W of Aracena, NNW of Cortegana, Sierra la Cigüeña, road between La Corte and Las Cefiñas, on Quercus rotundifolia, 6° 50.75′ W, 37° 57.74′ N, 560 m, 2007, P. & B. van den Boom 48643.—Portugal: Alentejo: SSE of Beja, 6 km SE of Vale de Açor, S of Azinhal, on roadside Quercus rotundifolia trees, 7° 47.9′ W, 37° 44.9′ N, 205 m, 2003, P. & B. van den Boom 31252; N of Mértola, road to Pulo do Lobo, near Amendoeira da Serra, on roadside Quercus rotundifolia, 7° 39.0′ W, 37° 48.7′ N, 135 m, 2003, P. & B. van den Boom 31189; ENE of Beja, NNE of Serpa, c. 2 km N of Moura, along road N 386, on Quercus rotundifolia in orchard, 7° 24.68′ W, 38° 10.72′ N, 160 m, 2007, P. & B. van den Boom 38667. Algarve: NNW of Tavira, 2 km S of Martim Longo, along road to Vaqueiros, near Finca Rodilha, on scattered Quercus rotundifolia in field, 7° 45.3′ W, 37° 25.2′ N, 270 m, 2006, P. & B van den Boom 36049; N of Barranco do Velho, S of Almodoro, Ameixial, S of village, on roadside Quercus rotundifolia trees, 7° 57.7′ W, 37° 21.7′ N, 435 m, 2003, P. & B. van den Boom 31146; N of Albufeira, E of São Bartolomeu de Messines, c. 3 km NNE of Alte, W side of hill ‘Rocha dos Soidos’, field on W exposed slope, on very old Ceratonia siliqua, 8°08.99′ W, 37°16.18′ N, 130 m, 2009, P. & B. van den Boom 41567; W of Lagos, N of Luz, W side of Espiche, Olea orchard along road, on Olea, 8° 44.8′ W, 37° 06.0′ N, 25 m, 2004, P. & B. van den Boom 32593.
The Species
Waynea giraltiae van den Boom sp. nov
Waynea cretica Llop similis sed differt thallo minute squamuloso, tomentoso, squamulis 0·05–0·3(–0·4) mm latis, apotheciis 0·2–0·9 mm in diametro, griseis vel nigro-fuscis vel nigris; ascosporae fusiformes, (1–)3-septatae, 10–18 × 2–2·5 μm. Conidia filiformia, curvata vel circinata, 20–29 × 0·5 μm. Acidum argopsinum continens.
Typus: Portugal, Algarve, NNW of Tavira, 2 km S of Martim Longo, along road to Vaqueiros, near Finca Rodilha, some scattered Quercus rotundifolia in field, on Q. rotundifolia, 7° 45.3′ W, 37° 25.2′ N, 270 m, 3 March 2006, P. & B van den Boom 36051 (BCN—holotypus; hb. v.d. Boom, hb. Brand—isotypus).
Thallus corticolous on rough bark, effuse, up to 2 cm wide, finely squamulose to somewhat granulose (Fig. 1); squamules scattered to crowded, often aggregated in patches, plane to slightly convex and appressed or strongly convex to subglobose and ascending, imbricate, larger squamules often incised, roundish to somewhat elongate, 0·1–0·3(–0·4) mm wide, up to 0·2 mm thick; with a very fine tomentum on the upper surface and the margins; tomentum consisting of hyaline hairs hardly visible with a hand lens; hairs subulate, composed of thick-walled, (mostly) septate hyphae protruding from the cortex, 10–22 × 3–6(–7) μm (Fig. 2A); upper surface greenish grey, pale brown or yellowish brown to medium brown, matt; upper cortex in section prosoplectenchymatous, 25–35 μm thick, cells strongly conglutinated (Fig. 2A); algal layer 40–80 μm thick; medulla composed of loosely interwoven hyphae; hyphal lumina branched (Fig. 2B); upper surface uneven, irregular, 2·5–3 μm wide; lower cortex absent. Photobiont cells ± globose, 5–12 μm diam. Prothallus not observed.
Fig. 1. Waynea giraltiae, habitus, showing squamulose thallus and apothecia. Scale = 1 mm.
Fig. 2. Waynea giraltiae. A, thallus hairs; B, detail of medulla hyphae; C, ascus; D, ascospores. Scales: A–D = 10 μm.
Apothecia rare to abundant, scattered to rarely crowded, appressed to sessile, slightly constricted at base, rounded to sometimes irregularly angular or flexuose, 0·2–0·9 mm diam.; margin prominent, initially raised, especially in young apothecia, becoming level with the disc and excluded in mature apothecia, entire, concolorous with the disc, up to 0·1 mm wide; disc plane to slightly concave, sometimes becoming weakly convex, greyish, dark grey to dark brown or blackish, epruinose, often with a mixture of pale and dark colours (Fig. 1). Excipulum with cortex, prosoplectenchymatous, composed of branched and anastomosing hyphae, to 50 μm wide; hyphae 6–11 × 2–2·5 (–3) μm wide, septate, often strongly constricted at the septa, terminal cells not widened, hyaline at the underside of the excipulum, sometimes violaceous greyish in the upper part. Epihymenium hyaline to spotted pale olive to violaceous greyish to brownish, N+ reddish purple, K+ violet. Hymenium hyaline, 35–50 μm thick. Hypothecium hyaline, with intricated hyphae, 60–100 μm high. Paraphyses weakly conglutinated in water, simple or mostly branched in the upper part, septate, sometimes slightly constricted at the septa, especially at the upper cells, 2–2·5 μm wide in the middle, the top often slightly widened, up to 5 μm wide, hyaline to greyish olive-brown, not covered by a gelatinous layer. Asci 8-spored, Bacidia-type, with tendencies to the Biatora-type, clavate, broadly clavate to broad ellipsoid, often with a gelatinous layer, 18–35 × 10–12 μm (Fig. 2C). Ascospores colourless, fusiform, (1–)3-septate, 12–18 × 2–2·5 μm (Fig. 2D).
Pycnidia very rare, 35–50 μm wide, pale brownish at the upper part, hyaline below; conidia filiform, strongly curved to almost circular, 20–29 × 0·5 μm.
Chemistry. Thallus K−, KC−, C−, Pd+ reddish. Argopsin detected by TLC. Sedifolia-grey (Meyer & Printzen Reference Meyer and Printzen2000) in the epihymenium and in the excipulum.
Etymology. The epithet is chosen in honour of Dr Mireia Giralt for her outstanding work on lichens, especially in taxonomy, in Iberian Peninsula and Macaronesia.
Distribution and ecology. The new species occurs in the south-westernmost part of Europe, in the south-eastern part of Alentejo to the eastern Algarve in Portugal, with a single record from south-western Spain (Fig. 3). It is a lowland species ranging from 125–560 m altitude. The new species is known only from the phorophyte Quercus rotundifolia, from epiphytic communities poor in lichens. In the type locality, accompanying species were Agonimia sp., Bacidia igniarii (Nyl.) Oxner, Caloplaca obscurella (J. Lahm) Th. Fr., Collema sp., Lecania viridulogranulosa (Harm.) Zahlbr., Parmelina tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale, Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Neck.) Moberg, Physcia sp. and Waynea stoechadiana.
Fig. 3. Distribution map of the known localities of Waynea giraltiae. Scale = 200 km.
Discussion. In Llop (Reference Llop2006) a key to the known Waynea species is not given, but a table with diagnostic characters is included. Diagnostic characters for W. giraltiae are: squamules flat to convex, often ascending, not sorediate; cortex prosoplectenchymatous, medulla hyphae 2·5–3 μm wide; ascospores fusiform, 12–18 × 2–2·5 μm, 3-septate; thallus containing argopsin. The asci are mostly clearly of Bacidia-type. However, in a few cases asci with a somewhat stronger amyloid central tube, were observed and even the fuzzy coat is usually rather strongly amyloid. Waynea giraltiae is easily confused with W. cretica, which also has small squamules. However these are more adpressed. Ascospores in the latter are acicular, 5-7 septate and 30–45 × 1·5–2 μm. The chemistry is also different, as W. cretica has no chemical compounds. Both species can occur in the same habitats and on the same phorophyte, but W. giraltiae seems to be restricted to one phorophyte only, Quercus rotundifolia, whereas W. cretica has a wider amplitude regarding substratum, occurring on the same Quercus but also on Ceratonia siliqua and Olea europaea (in Portugal). Confusion is also possible with Waynea hirsuta which also has hairy squamules, but the ascospores are 1-septate and somewhat shorter (10–15 × 2–2·4 μm), it has no chemical compounds and it is sorediate. The granular thallus parts resemble Bacidia rubella, occurring in the same habitats as the new species, but in that species the granules are not tomentose and the apothecia are pale to dark red-brown. Waynea giraltiae seems to be a rare species, as the habitats in which it occurs have been found are abundant in the eastern and central part of Algarve and they are not even rare in south-western Spain. Where it occurs, many phorophytes in many localities were checked for Waynea species but it has been found in only five localities, so it seems to be as rare as Waynea cretica. In Portugal the latter species is known from four localities. Waynea stoechadiana appears to be the most common species of the genus in the south of Portugal. It is an accompanying species in many specimens of other taxa (hb van den Boom).
Additional specimens examined. Spain: Huelva: W of Aracena, NNW of Cortegana, Sierra la Cigüeña, road between La Corte and Las Cefiñas, orchard with Quercus rotundifolia on W slope, on Quercus, 6° 50.75′ W, 37° 57.74′ N, 560 m, 2007, P. & B. van den Boom 38637 (hb. v.d. Boom).—Portugal: Alentejo: ENE of Évora, SE of Estremoz, along road from Estremoz (Martires) to Bencatel, 2 km S of crossing to Glória, orchard with outcrops and mature Quercus rotundifolia trees, on Quercus, 7° 30.78′ W, 38° 47.4′ N, 390 m, 2007, P. & B. van den Boom 38732, 38747 (hb. v.d. Boom); SE of Beja, SSE of Serpa, along road to Mértola, c. 3 km S of Santa Iria, orchard with young Quercus suber and mature Quercus rotundifolia trees, on Q. rotundifolia, 7° 31.84′ W, 37° 52.04′ N, 125 m, 2007, P. & B. van den Boom 38690 (hb. v.d. Boom). Algarve: N of Barranco do Velho, S of Almodoro, Ameixial, S of village, on roadside Quercus rotundifolia trees, 7° 57.70′ W, 37° 21.70′ N, 435 m, 2003, P. & B. van den Boom 31139, 31143 (hb. v.d. Boom).
The author thanks Harrie Sipman for taking the photographs and for reviewing the text, Jack Elix for the chemical TLC analyses. and two referees for their critical comments.
