¹⁵ Mellor, David J. and Diesch, Tamara J., “Onset of Sentience: The Potential for Suffering in Fetal and Newborn Farm Animals” Applied Animal Behaviour Science 100 (2006): 53–54 CrossRefGoogle Scholar (noting that “neurological development is insufficient for sentience until at least halfway through pregnancy”).

¹⁶ See Charles C. Camosy, “Has Roe Already Been Overturned? The Viability of the Pain-Capable Act,” The Federalist, January 21, 2015, http://thefederalist.com/2015/01/21/has-roe-already-been-overturned-the-viability-of-the-pain-capable-act/ (writing in favor of the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act).

¹⁷ Explaining a situation where a pregnancy not only puts the mother's life at risk but also renders it impractical to use indirect means to end the pregnancy.

¹⁸ Outlining his proposed Mother and Prenatal Child Protection Act.

¹⁹ Acknowledging the “complicated question of the moral status of the early embryo” and noting that his proposed act does not restrict the use of Ella or the morning-after pill.

²⁰ Comparing an embryo to a “sprouting acorn.”

²¹ Sherry F. Colb, “Mike Pence's Abortion Law,” Verdict, July 29, 2016, https://verdict.justia.com/2016/07/29/mike-pences-abortion-law. See also Colb, “Acting for the Wrong Reasons: Abortion versus Other Choices,” Dorf on Law (blog), http://www.dorfonlaw.org/2016/07/acting-for-wrong-reasons-abortion.html.

²² He compares a man's obligation to pay child support to a woman's obligation to carry a child to term and noting that a man's “choice to have sex [brings] with it the natural obligation to aid any children that might result” regardless of whether the man intended to bring a child into existence.