Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-b4m5d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-15T16:36:48.988Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Gross Morphological Responses of the Rice Plant to 2,4–D

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Peter B. Kaufman
Peter B. Kaufman*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of California, Davis, California
Get access

Extract

In the years that 2,4–D has been used as a selective herbicide in agricultural areas, an increasing number of reports of its injury to crops has been published. As a result of extensive investigations, lists of susceptible and resistant crops have appeared. Some of the extremely susceptible crops include cotton, sugar beets, alfalfa, tomatoes, peas, beans, cabbage, broccoli, lettuce, grapes, and many others. In response to numerous reports of 2,4–D injury to various small grains, we now consider these plants as being relatively susceptible to 2,4–D at certain stages of development also. The morphological injuries reported may be just as severe as in the case of some of the above-mentioned plants.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weeds , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , October 1953 , pp. 223 - 253
Copyright
Copyright © 1953 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Åberg, E. Effect of hormone derivatives on weeds and cultivated plants. Kungl. Lantbrukshögsk. Ann. 16: 695–710. 1949.Google Scholar
2. Åberg, E., and Denward, T. Abnormal spikes in barley caused by hormone derivatives. Kungl. Lantbrukshögsk. Ann. 14: 366–372. 1947.Google Scholar
3. Ahlgren, G. H., Klingman, G. C., and Wolf, D. E. Principles of Weed Control. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 1951.Google Scholar
4. Andersen, S. Sensitivity to 2,4–D of barley and oats at different stages of development. Physiologia Plantarum 5: 321–333. 1952.Google Scholar
5. Andersen, S., and Hermansen, J. Effect of hormone derivatives on cultivated plants. II. Spraying of cereals with 2,4–D and 4k–2M at different dates. Kgl. Veterinaer og Landbohøjskoles Årsskrift. Meddelelse Nr. 26: 141–203. 1950.Google Scholar
6. Anonymous. Effects of herbicides in growing crops. Project III. Research Report Sixth Ann. North Central Weed Control Conf. p. 55–111. 1949.Google Scholar
7. Anonymous. Investigation of physiological and chemical factors influencing practices in weed control. Project VIII. Research Report Sixth Ann. North Central Weed Control Conf. p. 210–215. 1949.Google Scholar
8. Asana, R. D., Verma, G., and Mani, V. S. Some observations on the influence of 2,4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4–D) on the growth and development of two varieties of wheat. Physiologia Plantarum 3: 334–352, 1950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Aslander, A. Some factors influencing the effect of 2,4–D on perennial weeds and crop plants. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 44: 35–54. 1950.Google Scholar
10. Beal, J. M. Histological responses to growth-regulating substances. P. 155–166. In Plant Growth Substances. Univ. of Wisconsin Press. Madison, Wisconsin. 1951.Google Scholar
11. Blackman, G. E., Templeman, W. G., and Halliday, D. J. Herbicides and selective phytotoxicity. P. 199–230. In Ann. Rev. Plant Physiology 2. Annual Reviews Inc. Stanford, California. 1951.Google Scholar
12. Crafts, A. S. Movement of assimilates, viruses, growth regulators, and chemical indicators in plants. Bot. Rev. 17: 203–284. 1951.Google Scholar
13. Davis, L. L. California rice production. Univ. of Calif. Ext. Cir. 163: 1–55. 1950.Google Scholar
14. Derscheid, L. A. Physiological and morphological responses of barley to 2,4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Plant Physiology 27: 121–134. 1952.Google Scholar
15. Eames, A. J. Comparative effects of spray treatments with growth-regulating substances on the nut grass, Cyperus rotundus L., and anatomical modifications following treatment with butyl 2,4–dichlorophcnoxyacetate. Amer. Jour. Bot. 36: 571–584. 1949.Google Scholar
16. Eames, A. J. Destruction of young phloem in young bean plants after treatment with 2,4–D. Amer. Jour. Bot. 37: 840–847. 1950.Google Scholar
17. Eames, A. J. Leaf ontogeny and treatments with 2,4–D. Amer. Jour. Bot. 38: 777–780. 1951a.Google Scholar
18. Eames, A. J. A correlation of severity of 2,4–D injury with stage of ontogeny in monocot stems. Science 114: 203. 1951b.Google Scholar
19. Elle, G. O. Some environmental factors affecting the response of sweet corn to 2,4–D. Weeds I: 141–159. 1952.Google Scholar
20. Ellis, N. K., and Bullard, E. T. Varietal responses of sweet corn to 2,4–D spray, and the effect of different formulations of 2,4–D on yield. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. Proc. 51: 505–508. 1948.Google Scholar
21. Foster, J. F. Effect of 2,4–D on barley when applied at different growth stages. Research Report Sixth Ann. North Central Weed Control conf. P. 105. 1949.Google Scholar
22. Friesen, H. A. Effect of 2,4–D on cereals. West Canadian Weed Control Conf. Proc. 3: 40–48. 1949.Google Scholar
23. Gautheret, R. J. Remarques sur l'emploi de l'ester éthylique du 2–4–D pour le désherbage des champs de céréales. L'Agriculture Pratique. Decembre 1951.Google Scholar
24. Hansen, N. S. Effect of three types of 2,4–D formulations at three dosage levels on morphology and yield of corn as well as weed control. Proc. Fourth North Central Weed Control Conf. P. 218. 1947.Google Scholar
25. Jones, J. W., Davis, L. L., and Williams, A. H. Rice culture in California. U.S.D.A. Farmers' Bul. 2022: 1–32. 1950.Google Scholar
26. Kelley, S. The effect of temperature on the susceptibility of plants to 2,4–D. Plant' Physiology 24: 534–536. 1949.Google Scholar
27. Klingman, D. Effects of spraying cereals with 2,4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Amer. Soc. Agron. Jour. 39: 445–447. 1947.Google Scholar
28. Leaper, J. M. F., and Bishop, J. R. Relation of halogen position to physiological properties in the mono-, di-, and tri- chlorophenoxyacetic acids. Bot. Gaz. 112: 250–258. 1951.Google Scholar
29. Leone, I. A., and Brennan, E. Responses of several economically important plants to sodium salt of 2,4–D. Agri. Chemicals 4: 40–43, 82–85. 1949.Google Scholar
30. Longchamp, R., Roy, M., et Gautheret, R. Reinseignements techniques sur l'emploi des hormones de synthèse pour le désherbage des céréales. l'Association Générale des Producteurs de Blé et Autres Céréales. p. 1–12. 1950.Google Scholar
31. Longchamp, R., Roy, M., et Gautheret, R. Recherches sur l'action comparée de quelques désherbants sélectifs sur les céréales. Comptes Rendus 232: 111–113. 1951.Google Scholar
32. Longchamp, R., Roy, M., et Gautheret, R. Action de quelques hétéro-auxines sur la morphogénèse des céréales. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 2: 305–327. 1952a.Google Scholar
33. Longchamp, R., Roy, M., et Gautheret, R. Sur les variations de la sensibilité des blés d'hiver à l'égard des hétéro-auxines désherbantes au cours des diverses phases de leur évolution. Académie d'Agriculture de France Procés-verbal Séance. p. 1–7. 1952b.Google Scholar
34. Longchamp, R., Roy, M., et Gautheret, R. Nouvelles recherches sur l'action de quelques hétéro-auxines désherbantes sur les céréales. Annales de l'Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1: 117–174. 1952c.Google Scholar
35. Marth, P. C., and Davis, F. F. Relation of temperature to the selective herbicidal effects of 2,4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Bot. Gaz. 106: 463–472. 1945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36. Marth, P. C., Toole, V. K., and Toole, E. H. Influence of 2,4–D spray applications on vegetative growth and seedling development in timothy. Amer. Soc. Agron. Jour. 39: 780–783. 1947.Google Scholar
37. Mitchell, J. W. Translocation of growth-regulating substances and their effect on tissue composition. P. 141–153. In Plant Growth Substances. Univ. of Wisconsin Press. Madison, Wisconsin. 1951.Google Scholar
38. Mitchell, J. W., and Marth, P. C. Effects of 2,4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the growth of grass plants. Bot. Gaz. 107: 276–284. 1945.Google Scholar
39. Nielsen, H. J. M. Effect of hormone derivatives on cultivated plants. III. Reactions of cultivated species to 2,4—D and 4K–2M. Kgl. Veterinaer og Landbohøjskoles Årsskrift Meddelelse Nr. 27: 107–156. 1951.Google Scholar
40. Norman, A. G., Minarik, C. E., and Weintraub, R. L. Herbicides. P. 141–168. In Ann. Rev. Plant Physiology I. Annual Reviews Inc. Stanford, California. 1950.Google Scholar
41. Olsen, P. J. At what stage of growth does 2,4–D damage wheat, barley, and flax? West Canadian Weed Control Conf. Proc. 3: 48–51. 1949.Google Scholar
42. Olsen, P. J., Zalik, S., Breakley, W. J., and Brown, D. A. Sensitivity of wheat and barley at different stages of growth to 2,4–D. Amer. Soc. Agron. Jour. 43: 77–83. 1951.Google Scholar
43. Ripper, W. E., and Baker, C. The relative toxicity of 2,4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2–methyl–4–chlorophenoxyacetic acid to annual weeds. Jour. Sci. Food and Agri. 3: 561–567. 1952.Google Scholar
44. Robbins, W. W., Crafts, A. S., and Raynor, R. N. Weed Control. Second Edition. McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc., New York. 1952.Google Scholar
45. Rodgers, E. G. Brittleness and other responses of corn to 2,4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Plant Physiology 27: 153–172. 1952.Google Scholar
46. Rossman, E. C., and Staniforth, D. W. Effects of 2,4–D on inbred lines and a single cross of maize. Plant Physiology 24: 60–74. 1949.Google Scholar
47. Ryker, T. C. Weed control in rice with 2,4–D. La. Agri. Exp. Sta. Bul. 427: 1–8. 1948.Google Scholar
48. Ryker, T. C., and Brown, C. A. The use of 2,4–D in rice fields for the control of weeds. La. Agri. Exp. Sta. Bul. 411: 1–14. 1947.Google Scholar
49. Shaw, W. C., and Willard, C. J. The effects of 2,4–D on Clinton oats at Columbus, Ohio. Research Report Fifth Ann. North Central Weed Control conf. Paper 7. 1948.Google Scholar
50. Slife, F. W., and Fuelleman, R. F. Effect of 2,4–D on Clinton oats in Northern Illinois. Research Report Sixth Ann. North Central Weed Control conf. P. 111d. 1949.Google Scholar
51. Staniforth, D. W. Effect of 2,4–D on meristematic tissues of corn. Proc. North Central Weed Control Conf. P. 211. 1949.Google Scholar
52. Staniforth, D. W. Effect of 2,4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on meristematic tissues of corn. Plant Physiology 27: 803–811. 1952.Google Scholar
53. Struckmeyer, B. E. Comparative effects of growth substances on stem anatomy. P. 167–174. In Plant Growth Substances. Univ. of Wisconsin Press. Madison, Wisconsin. 1951.Google Scholar
54. Templeman, W. G., and Halliday, D. J. Field experiments in selective weed control by plant-growth regulators. II. The effects of plant-growth regulators upon cereal crops. Empire Jour. Exper. Agri. 18: 169–176. 1950.Google Scholar
55. Templeman, W. G., and Wright, J. O. Relative effects of the n–butyl esters of 2–methyl–4–chlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on cereals. Nature 167: 71–72. 1951.Google Scholar
56. Unrau, J., and Corns, W. G. Cytological and physiological effects of 2,4–D applied to cereal grains at different stages of growth. Research Report Seventh Ann. North Central Weed Control conf. P. 279. 1950.Google Scholar
57. Unrau, J., and Larter, E. N. Cytogenetical responses of cereals to 2,4–D. I. A study of meiosis of plants treated at various stages of growth. Canadian Jour. Bot. 30: 22–27. 1952.Google Scholar
58. Watson, D. P. An anatomical study of the modification of bean leaves as a result of treatment with 2,4–D. Amer. Jour. Bot. 35: 543–555. 1948.Google Scholar
59. Watson, D. P. Anatomical modifications of velvet bent grass (Agrostis canina L.) caused by soil treatment with 2,4–dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Amer. Jour. Bot. 37: 424–431. 1950.Google Scholar
60. Whetzel, H. H. Symptomatology. P. 1–41. Lecture text in plant pathology at Cornell University. Ithaca, New York. 1946.Google Scholar
61. Whetzel, H. H. Nature of disease in plants. P. 1–11. Lecture text in plant pathology at Cornell University. Ithaca, New York. 1947.Google Scholar