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Planetary Nebulae as Standard Candles for Extragalactic Distances
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 July 2016
Abstract
Although distances to galactic planetary nebulae are typically uncertain by factors near 2, there appears to be an upper limit to the integrated [O III] λ5007 absolute flux for planetary nebulae. This flux, 1.34 × 10−8 ergs/cm2/sec for a maximally bright planetary nebula at a distance of 1 kpc, can be used as a distance indicator when a sufficient number of planetaries have been identified in an external galaxy. Or one may compute the upper limit to the distance for galactic planetary nebulae based on this calibration.
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- IV. Extragalactic Nebulae
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- Copyright © Kluwer 1989