Maud Mandel investigates the complex relationship between the Muslim and Jewish populations in France by focusing on the nationalist and colonialist origins of the conflict between the two groups. More specifically, Muslims and Jews in France attempts to challenge the conventional wisdom that the French Muslim-Jewish conflict originates from the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East. Instead, Mandel argues that the Muslim-Jewish conflict in France stems from the country's decolonization and the resulting inequalities and racism. The book is chronologically divided into six chapters, beginning with colonial French Algeria and ending in 1980s France where a new wave of political ideology had taken hold shifting from a liberal view of accepting differences to a more conservative view of nationalism and integration. Mandel analyzes the impact of Jewish out-migration from Algeria and French integration and minority policies regarding immigrant Algerian Muslims and Jews. She also examines the role of university campuses where activism against the inequality was systematically linked to the Arab-Israeli conflict, drawing more attention to the Middle East conflict and causing the polarization oftwo ethno-religious groups. Lastly, Muslims and Jews in France investigates the French state's failure to accept its multi-nationalism demonstrated in the rise of Marine Le Pen, a French politician, whose ultra conservative campaign gained support by promoting nationalism and anti-immigration in the 1980s.