Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-g4j75 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-11T12:16:10.040Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A longitudinal study of the neuropsychiatric consequences of HIV-1 infection in gay men. II Psychological and health status at baseline and at 12-month follow-up

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

K. Pugh ,
M. Riccio ,
D. Jadresic ,
A. P. Burgess ,
T. Baldeweg ,
J. Catalan ,
E. Lovett ,
D. A. Hawkins ,
J. Gruzelier  and
C. Thompson
K. Pugh*
Affiliation:
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Mental Health Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Stephen's Clinic, London; Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
M. Riccio
Affiliation:
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Mental Health Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Stephen's Clinic, London; Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
D. Jadresic
Affiliation:
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Mental Health Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Stephen's Clinic, London; Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
A. P. Burgess
Affiliation:
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Mental Health Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Stephen's Clinic, London; Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
T. Baldeweg
Affiliation:
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Mental Health Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Stephen's Clinic, London; Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
J. Catalan
Affiliation:
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Mental Health Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Stephen's Clinic, London; Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
E. Lovett
Affiliation:
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Mental Health Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Stephen's Clinic, London; Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
D. A. Hawkins
Affiliation:
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Mental Health Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Stephen's Clinic, London; Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
J. Gruzelier
Affiliation:
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Mental Health Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Stephen's Clinic, London; Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
C. Thompson
Affiliation:
Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Mental Health Centre, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Department of Genito-Urinary Medicine, St Stephen's Clinic, London; Department of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr K. Pugh, Academic Department of Psychiatry Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Mental Health Centre. Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9TH
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

The aim of this study was to determine whether HIV infection is associated with increased psychosocial distress in the asymptomatic and early symptomatic stages of disease and to determine the factors associated with reporting health symptoms. Subjects included 61 gay men (41 HIV −, 20 HIV +) who were assessed at the time of requesting their first HIV test and again 12 months later. Measures included a detailed standardized psychiatric interview (Present State Examination, PSE), a range of psychosocial self-report measures and a physical symptom checklist. There were no differences between the HIV + and HIV − groups in terms of self-reported symptoms. Multiple regression analysis showed that the symptom reporting was not associated with clinical or immunological markers of disease progression but was associated with measures of psychosocial distress. Although both groups showed elevated levels of psychosocial distress at the time of HIV testing, there were no differences between serostatus groups at follow-up. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the best predictors of PSE scores at follow-up were baseline PSE score and a history of psychiatric illness. Early HIV disease is not associated with increased psychosocial distress and symptom reporting is more closely related to psychological measures than to clinical or immunological markers of disease.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , November 1994 , pp. 897 - 904
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Atkinson, J., Grant, I., Kennedy, C., Richman, D., Spector, S. & McCutchan, A. (1988). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Archives of General Psychiatry 45, 859–864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burgess, A. P., Riccio, M., Jadresic, D., Pugh, K., Catalan, J., Hawkins, D. A., Baldeweg, T., Lovett, E., Gruzelier, J. & Thompson, C. (1994). A longitudinal Study of the Neuropsychiatric Consequences of HIV-1 Infection in Gay Men. I – Neuropsychological Performance and Neurological Status at baseline and at 12 month follow-up. Psychological Medicine 24, 885–895.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, A. P., Irving, G. & Riccio, M. (1994). The reliability and validity of a symptom checklist for use in HIV Infection: a preliminary analysis. International Journal of STD and AIDS 4, 333–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catalan, J., Bradley, M., Gallway, J. & Hawton, K. (1981). Sexual dysfunction and psychiatric morbidity in patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. British Journal of Psychiatry 138, 292–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Catalan, J., Day, A. & Gallway, J. (1988). Alcohol misuse in patients attending a genitourinary clinic. Alcohol and Alcoholism 23, 421–428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Catalan, J. (1990). Psychiatric manifestations of HIV disease, Ballière's Clinical Gastroenterology 4, 547–562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Catalan, J., Klimes, I., Day, A., Garrod, A., Bond, A. & Gallway, J. (1992 a). The psychosocial impact of HIV infection in gay men: a controlled investigation and factors associated with psychiatric morbidity. British Journal of Psychiatry 161, 774–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catalan, J., Klimes, I., Bond, A., Day, A., Gallway, J. & Garrod, A. (1992 b). The psychosocial impact of HIV infection in men with haemophilia: a controlled investigation and factors associated with psychiatric morbidity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 36, 409–416.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, D. & Blackwell, B. (1970). Psychiatric illness in general practice. A detailed study using a new method of case identification. British Medical Journal ii, 439–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayou, R. (1975). Psychological morbidity in a clinic for sexually transmitted disease. British Journal of Venereal Diseases 51, 57–60.Google Scholar
McNair, D., Lorr, M. & Droppelman, L. (1981). Profile of Mood States (Manual): San Diego.Google Scholar
Miller, D. & Riccio, M. (1990). Non-organic psychiatric and psychosocial syndromes associated with HIV-1 infection and disease. AIDS 4, 381–388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, D., Acton, T. & Hedge, B. (1988). The worried well: their identification and management. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London 2, 58–65.Google Scholar
Norušis, M. (1988). Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS PC +). SPSS INC: Chicago.Google Scholar
Ostrow, D., Joseph, J. & Kessler, R. (1989 a). Disclosure of HIV antibody status: behavioural and mental health correlates. AIDS Education and Prevention 146, 1–11.Google Scholar
Ostrow, D., Monjan, A., Joseph, J., VanRaden, M., Fox, R., Kingsley, L., Dudley, J. & Phair, J. (1989 b). HIV-related symptoms and psychological functioning in a cohort of homosexual men. American Journal of Psychiatry 146, 737–742.Google Scholar
Ostrow, D., Van Redan, M., Fox, R. & Kingsley, L. (1990). Patterns of recreational drug use and sexual behaviour change in a cohort of homosexual men. AIDS 4, 759–765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedder, J. R. & Goldberg, D. (1970). A survey by questionnaire of psychiatric disturbance in patients attending a venereal diseases clinic. British Journal of Venereal Diseases 46, 58–61.Google ScholarPubMed
Perry, S., Jacobsberg, L., Fishman, B., Weiler, P., Gold, J. & Frances, A. (1990). Psychological responses to serological testing for HIV. AIDS 4, 145–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Riccio, M., Pugh, K., Jadresic, D., Burgess, A. P., Thompson, C., Wilson, B. A., Lovett, E, Baldeweg, T., Hawkins, D. A. & Catalan, J. (1993). Neuropsychiatric aspects of HIV-1 infection in gay men: controlled investigation of psychiatric, neuropsychological and neurological status. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 37, 819–830.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Royal College of Psychiatrists (1979). Alcohol and alcoholism. The Report of a Special Committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Tavistock, London.Google Scholar
Shepherd, M., Cooper, B., Brown, A. & Kalton, G. (1966). Psychiatric Illness in General Practice. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Speilberger, C., Gorsuch, R. & Luchene, R. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Consulting Psychologist Press: Palo Alto, California, USA.Google Scholar
Wallston, K. & Wallston, B. (1981). Health locus of control scales. In Research with the Locus of Control Construct. Vol I Assessment Methods, (ed. Lefcourt, H. M.), pp. 189–244. Academic Press: New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, J., Rabkin, J., Remien, R., Gorman, J. & Ehrhardt, A. (1991). Multidisciplinary baseline assessment of homosexual men with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. II. Standardized clinical assessment of current and lifetime psychopathology. Archives of General Psychiatry 48, 124–130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wing, J., Cooper, J. & Sartorius, N. (1974). Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.Google Scholar
Zigmond, A. & Snaith, R. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatria Scandinavia 67, 361–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed