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Critical review of health effects of soyabean phyto-oestrogens in post-menopausal women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2007

Aedin Cassidy ,
Paola Albertazzi ,
Inge Lise Nielsen ,
Wendy Hall ,
Gary Williamson ,
Inge Tetens ,
Steve Atkins ,
Heide Cross ,
Yannis Manios  and
Alicja Wolk
...Show all authors
Aedin Cassidy*
Affiliation:
School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
Paola Albertazzi
Affiliation:
Centre for Metabolic Bone Disease, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull HU3 2RW, UK
Inge Lise Nielsen
Affiliation:
Nestlé Research Center, Vers Chez Les Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
Wendy Hall
Affiliation:
School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
Gary Williamson
Affiliation:
Nestlé Research Center, Vers Chez Les Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
Inge Tetens
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research, Søborg, Denmark
Steve Atkins
Affiliation:
Centre for Metabolic Bone Disease, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull HU3 2RW, UK
Heide Cross
Affiliation:
Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Yannis Manios
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Kallithea-Athens, Greece
Alicja Wolk
Affiliation:
The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Claudia Steiner
Affiliation:
Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
Francesco Branca
Affiliation:
National Institute for Research and Food and Nutrition (INRAS), via Ardeatria 546, 00178 Roma, Italy
*
*Corresponding author: Professor Aedin Cassidy, fax +44 1603 593752, email a.cassidy@uea.ac.uk
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Abstract

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A consensus view of soyabean phyto-oestrogens in clinical interventions in post-menopausal women is presented that is based on data from the EU-funded project Phytohealth. The phyto-oestrogens, primarily genistein and daidzein, were given as soyabean-protein isolates, whole-soyabean foods or extracts, supplements or pure compounds. A comprehensive literature search was conducted with well-defined inclusion or exclusion criteria. For areas for which substantial research exists only placebo-controlled double-blind randomised controlled trials (RCT) conducted on healthy post-menopausal women were included. For emerging areas all available human studies in post-menopausal women were reviewed. In order to make cross comparisons between studies the doses of isoflavones were calculated as aglycone equivalents. There is a suggestion, but no conclusive evidence, that isoflavones from the sources studied so far have a beneficial effect on bone health. The consumption of whole-soyabean foods and soyabean-protein isolates has some beneficial effects on lipid markers of cardiovascular risk. The consumption of isolated isoflavones does not affect blood lipid levels or blood pressure, although it may improve endothelial function. For menopausal symptoms there is currently limited evidence that soyabean-protein isolates, soyabean foods or red-clover (Trifolium pratense L.) extract are effective but soyabean isoflavone extracts may be effective in reducing hot flushes. There are too few RCT studies to reach conclusions on the effects of isoflavones on breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes or cognitive function. The health benefits of soyabean phyto-oestrogens in healthy post-menopausal women are subtle and even some well-designed studies do not show protective effects. Future studies should focus on high-risk post-menopausal women, especially in the areas of diabetes, CVD, breast cancer and bone health.

Keywords

GenisteinDaidzeinBioavailabilityBone healthCVD
Type
Symposium on ‘Phytochemicals’
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 65 , Issue 1 , February 2006 , pp. 76 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2006

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