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Technical Review of the Energy Authority Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program (C-WARP)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 February 2011

C. A. Hornibrook  and
J. H. Parker
C. A. Hornibrook
Affiliation:
New York State Fnergy Research and Development Authority, 2 Rockefeller Plaza, Albany, New York 12223
J. H. Parker
Affiliation:
Science Applications, Inc., P.O. Box 509, New Port, Rhode Island 02840 (Formerly with Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York 11794)
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Abstract

The objective of the Coal Waste Artificial Reef Program (C-WARP) is to explore the technical feasibility and environmental effects of ocean disposal of stabilized fly ash and flue gas desulfurization scrubber sludge from power plants. This demonstration program has involved the construction of an artificial reef in the Atlantic Ocean off Long Island, New York using 15,000 blocks of these stabilized coal waste materials.

In determinine the environmental acceptability of using stabilized copl waste blocks to build artificial reefs in the ocean, the two key considerations are whether the blocks will maintain their structural integrity, and whether the blocks will be a source of potentially toxic elements to affect the biological community. Analysis of the chemical composition of the blocks and an understanding of the processes occurring in them is necessary to address these questions. Therefore, this paper will focus on changes in chemical composition of blocks (e.g., Ca flux, Mg enrichment, and surface layer elemental concentrations) and compatibility of the blocks in terms of the physical and biological data collected during three years of monitoring.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 43: Symposium M – Fly Ash and Coal Conversion By-Products I , 1984 , 249
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1985

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References

1. Parker, J. H., Woodhead, P. M. J., Duedall, I. W., Carleton, H. R. “Coal Waste Artifical Reef Program, Phase 4A,” EPRI CS-2574, (1982).Google Scholar
2. Wondhead, P. M. J., Parker, J. H., Duedall, I. W. Marine Fisheries Review, 44, (1982).Google Scholar
3. Woodhead, P. M. J., Parker, J. H., Carleton, H. R., Duedall, I. W. “Coal Waste Artificial Peef Program, Overall Summary Report” (in publication).Google Scholar
4. Woodhead, P. M. J., Parker, O. H., Carleton, H. R., Duedall, I. W. “Coal Waste Artificial Reef Prooram, Phase 40”, EPRI CS-3726 (1984).Google Scholar