A number of lichen species presumed to prefer broad-leaved, deciduous woodlands of long continuity were recorded in 101 stands with different histories and in different successional stages in southern Sweden. Of 19 recorded species, Arthonia vinosa, Calicium adspersum, C. salicinum, Lobaria pulmonaria, and Mycobilimbia sabuletorum occurred in ten stands or more. Habitat variables that indicate occurrence of natural forest conditions were registered and also factors of stand and site quality used in forest surveys. The lichen species recorded were significantly correlated with the presence of large, old, deciduous, broad-leaved trees. Deciduous, broadleaved woods with many large old trees are at present being rapidly transformed into forest plantations. The recorded lichen species will decrease unless the woods are protected or have modified management.