This paper describes the United States Coast Guard's efforts regarding Long Range Identification & Tracking (LRIT) of ships. Among those elements included in the LRIT plan, automatic identification systems (AIS), typically envisioned as a short-range system, may also play a long-range role. AIS vessel tracking may be accomplished through high elevation shore sites allowing reception of AIS signals to nominally 24 nm that loosely puts it in the category of a short-range sensor. Additionally, the US Coast Guard is conducting research and development efforts to determine the feasibility of using AIS receive capability on low earth orbit (LEO) satellites and high altitude, long endurance (HALE) airships or balloons. In parallel with the developing technical capabilities, the US approach with the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and domestic legislation and regulations are also addressed. Finally, a vision for the implementation of LRIT is offered. The paper was presented on 9 November 2004 at Church House, London during the Institute's NAV 04 Conference.