Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-f46jp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-11T19:34:23.892Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Study of C60 transport in porous media and the effect of sorbed C60 on naphthalene transport

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2005

Xuekun Cheng ,
Amy T. Kan  and
Mason B. Tomson
Xuekun Cheng*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
Amy T. Kan
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
Mason B. Tomson
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: xkcheng@rice.edu
Get access

Abstract

In this study, the transport of water-stable “nano-C60 particles” (a term used to refer to underivatized C60 crystalline nanoparticles, stable in water for months) through a soil column (packed with Lula soil, 0.27% organic carbon) was investigated for the first time. Nano-C60 particle breakthrough experiments were conducted at different flow rates, while other column operating parameters remained fixed through all the experiments. Nano-C60 particles were observed to be more mobile at higher flow velocity: at the flow velocity of 0.38 m/d, the maximum percent of nano-C60 breakthrough (C/C0) was 47%; at the flow velocity of 3.8 m/d, the plateau value of nano-C60 breakthrough was 60%; and at the flow velocity of 11.4 m/d, the plateau value of nano-C60 breakthrough was almost 80%. At the low flow velocity (0.38 m/d), which is typical of groundwater flow, nano-C60 particles showed very limited mobility: after about 57 pore volumes, they deposited to the soil column so rapidly that virtually no nano-C60 was detected in the effluent. This observed “favorable deposition” (attachment efficiency α = 1) was probably due to “filter ripening.” Also the release of nano-C60 particles after flow interruption was observed. The transport of naphthalene through the same soil column containing 0.18% nano-C60 particles deposited was measured. A retardation factor of about 13 was observed, possibly suggesting that sorbed nano-C60 particles in the soil column sorbed naphthalene similar to soil organic carbon. An asymmetric naphthalene breakthrough curve was observed, which is possibly due to “sorption nonequilibrium.”

Keywords

AdsorptionFullereneNanoparticle
Type
Articles—Energy and The Environment Special Section
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 20 , Issue 12 , December 2005 , pp. 3244 - 3254
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Colvin, V.L.: The potential environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials. Nat. Biotechnol. 21, 1166 (2003).Google Scholar
2.Ruoff, R.S., Tse, D.S., Malhotra, R. and Lorents, D.C.: Solubility of fullerene (C60) in a variety of solvents. J. Phys. Chem. 97, 3379 (1993).Google Scholar
3.Scrivens, W.A., Tour, J.M., Creek, K.E. and Pirisi, L.: Synthesis of 14C-labeled C60, its suspension in water, and its uptake by human keratinocytes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 4517 (1994).Google Scholar
4.Andrievsky, G.V., Kosevich, M.V., Vovk, O.M., Shelkovsky, V.S. and Vashchenko, L.A.: On the production of an aqueous colloidal solution of fullerenes. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 12, 1281 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Deguchi, S., Alargova, R.G. and Tsujii, K.: Stable dispersions of fullerenes, C60 and C70, in water. Preparation and characterization. Langmuir 17, 6013 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Oberdorster, E.: Manufactured nanomaterials (fullerenes, C60) induce oxidative stress in the brain of juvenile largemouth bass. Environ. Health Perspect. 112, 1058 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Sayes, C.M., Fortner, J.D., Guo, W., Lyon, D., Boyd, A.M., Ausman, K.D., Tao, Y.J., Sitharaman, B., Wilson, L.J., Hughes, J.B., West, J.L. and Colvin, V.L.: The differential cytotoxicity of water-soluble fullerenes. Nano Lett. 4, 1881 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Kan, A.T. and Tomson, M.B.: Ground water transport of hydrophobic organic compounds in the presence of dissolved organic matter. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9, 253 (1990).Google Scholar
9.Lecoanet, H.F., Bottero, J. and Wiesner, M.R.: Laboratory assessment of the mobility of nanomaterials in porous media. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 5164 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Lecoanet, H.F. and Wiesner, M.R.: Velocity effects on fullerene and oxide nanoparticle deposition in porous media. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 4377 (2004).Google Scholar
11.Wilson, J.T., Enfield, C.G., Dunlap, W.J., Cosby, R.L., Foster, D.A. and Baskin, L.B.: Transport and fate of selected organic pollutants in a sandy soil. J. Environ. Qual. 10, 501 (1981).Google Scholar
12.Clark, G.L.: Flow rate effects on the sorption of methylated benzenes in saturated aquifer materials. Ph.D. Dissertation, Rice University, Houston, TX (1990).Google Scholar
13.Cheng, X., Kan, A.T. and Tomson, M.B.: Uptake and sequestration of naphthalene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene by C60. J. Nanoparticle Res. 7, 555 (2005).Google Scholar
14.Yao, K.M., Habibian, M.T. and O’Melia, C.R.: Water and wastewater filtration: Concepts and applications. Environ. Sci. Technol. 5, 1105 (1971).Google Scholar
15.O’Melia, C.R.: Kinetics of colloid chemical processes in aquatic systems, in Aquatic Chemical Kinetics–Reaction Rates of Processes in Natural Waters, edited by Stumm, W. (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1990), pp. 447–474.Google Scholar
16.Rajagopalan, R. and Tien, C.: Trajectory analysis of deep-bed filtration with the sphere-in-cell porous media model. Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J. 22, 523 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Harvey, R.W., George, L.H., Smith, R.L. and Leblanc, D.R.: Transport of microspheres and indigenous bacteria through a sandy aquifer: Results of natural and forced-gradient tracer experiments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23, 51 (1989).Google Scholar
18.Tobiason, J.E. and O’Melia, C.R.: Physicochemical aspects of particle removal in depth filtration. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 80, 54 (1988).Google Scholar
19.Kretzschmar, R. and Sticher, H.: Transport of humic-coated iron oxide colloids in a sandy soil: Influence of Ca2+ and trace metals. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 3497 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Elimelech, M., Gregory, J., Jia, X. and Williams, R.A.: Particle Deposition and Aggregation. Measurement, Modeling, and Simulation (Butterworth-Heinemann, Woburn, MA, 1995).Google Scholar
21.Elimelech, M. and O’Melia, C.R.: Kinetics of deposition of colloidal particles in porous media. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 1528 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Grolimund, D., Elimelech, M., Borkovec, M., Barmettler, K., Kretzschmar, R. and Sticher, H.: Transport of in situ mobilized colloidal particles in packed soil columns. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 3562 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Zhuang, J., Jin, Y. and Flury, M.: Comparison of Hanford colloids and kaolinite transport in porous media. Vadose Zone J. 3, 395 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Bear, J.: Hydraulics of Groundwater (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1979).Google Scholar
25.Kan, A.T. and Tomson, M.B.: Effect of pH concentration on the transport of naphthalene in saturated aquifer media. J. Contam. Hydrol. 5, 235 (1990).Google Scholar
26.Wilson, J.N.: A theory of chromatography. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 1583 (1940).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Brusseau, M.L. and Rao, P.S.C.: Sorption nonideality during organic contaminant transport in porous media. Crit. Rev. Environ. Control. 19, 33 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Giddings, J.C. and Eyring, H.: A molecular dynamic theory of chromatography. J. Phys. Chem. 59, 416 (1955).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Rao, P.S.C., Green, R.E., Balasubramanian, V. and Kanehiro, Y.: Fielf study of solute movement in a highly aggregated oxisol with intermittent flooding. II. Picloram. J. Environ. Qual. 3, 197 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Cheng, X., Kan, A.T. and Tomson, M.B.: Naphthalene adsorption and desorption from aqueous C60 fullerene. J. Chem. Eng. Data 49, 675 (2004).Google Scholar