This is a deeply learned and sensitive examination of Lollard writings that not only redefines what we understand as Lollardy but also how we think about the religiously orthodox mainstream in late fourteenth- and fifteenth-century England. Through close readings of a wide range of Lollard texts that are supported by extensive knowledge of the wider culture of religious writing, Fiona Somerset has helped to liberate Lollardy from the preconceptions of both late medieval English bishops and sixteenth-century Protestants. This is in no small measure due to her decision to focus on pastoral as opposed to overtly polemical Lollard and anti-Lollard writings. She is not the first to do so, but Feeling like saints is the first major study of a very large body of literature which remains under-researched and, to a large extent, unpublished. As such it is part of a larger collective endeavour to open up previously unread Lollard texts to a wide readership signalled by the publication in 2013 of the reader Wycliffite spirituality which Somerset co-edited with Patrick Hornbeck and Stephen Lahey. What emerges throughout the seven chapters of Feeling like saints is a much more positive Lollardy than we have become used to. Somerset's very considerable endeavour to uncover what Lollards believed rather than what they did not believe, how they thought about themselves rather than what they thought about others, and what they felt or at least thought they should feel, particularly about suffering under persecution, provides a much better sense of the richness and variety of Lollard pastoral concerns and spirituality. It also allows for a more precise understanding of how Lollard writers positioned themselves and their real or imagined audiences in relation to established pastoral and doctrinal traditions. On topics such as images, confession and penance, predestination and biblical hermeneutics Somerset persuasively argues that Lollard writers were more closely aligned to the religious mainstream, less marginal and more expansive, and in many ways more ‘orthodox’ than we might expect; and yet they were also distinct. This distinctiveness included an emphasis on the creation of Christian community as opposed to inward cultivation of the self, on social and moral responsibility and action, on right intention and conduct as opposed to outward ritual practice, and guidance on how to engage the emotions, imagination and will in a re-envisioning of society. One of the most exciting and important contributions of this indispensable book is that, as well as providing a corrective to some long-standing misconceptions of Lollardy's doctrinal preoccupations, Feeling like saints shifts Lollard writing socially and politically; whereas Lollardy's well-known polemical statements largely appealed to the political elite, Lollard pastoralia provided ordinary people with the means to envision their part in social and religious reform from below.
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