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Displaced peoples and the continued legacy of the Pacific War: Korean repatriation and the danger element
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 August 2021
Abstract
The battles of the Pacific War formally ended between mid-August and early September, 1945. However, the declarations of peace and surrender ceremonies that occurred during this time did not end informal battles across the Asian continent. Renegade Japanese military personnel refused to lay down their arms and repatriate quietly to their country. Some combed the waters between Japan and Korea in search of returnees attempting to repatriate with financial and material means in excess of that which the United States military governments allowed. Others sought to disrupt the occupation process by patrolling the streets of Korean cities and engaging in illegal and often violent activities. Koreans also caused problems by joining the Japanese in their postwar adventures or by harassing Japanese preparing to return to Japan and the Korean sympathizers who attempted to help them. Reportage of such actions appeared in the G-2 Periodic Report, which kept a daily record of such actions. These documents today open windows into the chaotic situation that the postwar era brought to Japanese and Koreans. Primarily through these reports, this paper sees the postwar belligerence that continued beyond official declarations of cease fire and peace in 1945 as kindling that sparked the broader conflicts of the late 1940s, and evolved to all-out war from the summer of 1950.
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- Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press
References
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Caprio, Mark E. and Jia, Yu (2009). “Legislating Diaspora: The Contribution of Occupation-era Administrations to the Preservation of Japan's Korean Community.” In Diaspora Without Homeland: Being Korean in Japan, ed. Lie, John and Ryang, Sonia, pp. 21–38. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Cathcart, Adam and Kraus, Charles (2008). “Peripheral Influence: The Sinuiju Student Incident of 1945 and the Impact of Soviet Occupation in North Korea.” Journal of Korean Studies 13:1, pp. 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Lie, John and Ryang, Sonia (eds) (2009) Diaspora Without Homeland: Being Korean in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Lowe, Keith (2012). Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Merrill, John (1989). Korea: The Peninsular Origins of the Korean War. Newark: University of Delaware Press.Google Scholar
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Morris-Suzuki, Tessa (2004). “An Act Prejudicial to the Occupation Forces: Migration Controls and Korean Residents in Post-Surrender Japan.” Japanese Studies 24:1, pp. 5–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, Ko (1960). “Korean Repatriation Question and Positive International Law.” The Japanese Annual of International Law 4, pp. 68–78.Google Scholar
Nishinarita, Yutaka 西成田豊 (1997). Zainichi Chōsenjin no “Sekai” to “Teikoku” Kokka [在日朝鮮人の「世界」と「帝国」国家, The “World” and “Imperial” State of Japan-based Koreans]. Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku shuppankai.Google Scholar
Pak, Chonmyon 朴鐘鳴 (ed) (2006). Zainichi no Rekishi to Bunka [在日の歴史と文化, The History and Culture of the Japan-based Koreans]. Tokyo: Akashi shoten.Google Scholar
Pak, Kyǒngsik 朴慶植 (1993). “Chōsenjin kyōseirennkō” [朝鮮人強制連行, The Forced Movement of Koreans] in Chōsenjin kyōseirenkō ronbunshūsei [朝鮮人強制連行論文集成, Korean Forced Labor Literature Collection] eds. Pak, Kyǒngsik 朴慶植, Yamada, Shōji 山田昭次 and Yang, Teho 梁泰昊, pp. 11–19. Tokyo: Akashi shoten.Google Scholar
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Rhee, Erik van (1989). Socialism in One Zone: Stalin's Policy in Korea, 1945–1947. Oxford: Berg Publishers.Google Scholar
Satō, Tomoya 佐藤知也 (2009). Heijō de Sugoshita 12 nen no Hibi [平壌で過ごした日々, A Daily Record of Twelve Years in P'yŏngyang]. Tokyo: Kōyō.Google Scholar
Shephard, Ben (2011). The Long Road Home: The Aftermath of the Second World War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Shimizu-Guthrie, Sayuri (2007). “Occupation Policy and Postwar Sino-Japanese Relations: Severing Economic Ties.” In Democracy in Occupied Japan, eds. Caprio, Mark and Sugita, Yoneyuki, pp. 200–219. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Soh, Sarah C. (2008). The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan. Chicago. IL: The University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spector, Ronald H. (2007). In the Ruins of Empire: The Japanese Surrender and the Battle for Postwar Asia. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Uchida, Jun (2019). Brokers of Empire: Japanese Settler Colonialism in Korea, 1876–1945. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center.Google Scholar
Ugaki, Matome (1991). Fading Victory: The Diary of Admiral Matome Ugaki, 1941–1945, Translated by Masataka Chihaya. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press.Google Scholar
Victoria, Brian (2020). Zen Terror in Prewar Japan: Portrait of an Assassin. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Wasserstein, Bernard (2011). “European Refugee Movements after World War Two.” BBC-History-World Wars. Accessed May 28, 2021 (http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/refugees_01.shtml).Google Scholar
Watt, Lori (2009). When Empire Comes Home: Repatriation and Reintegration in Postwar Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center.Google Scholar
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