Hostname: page-component-7b9c58cd5d-sk4tg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-14T18:26:55.286Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Do control questions influence behavior in experiments?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2025

Catherine Roux*
Affiliation:
FGN-HSG, University of St.Gallen, Varnbüelstrasse 19, 9000 St.Gallen, Switzerland
Christian Thöni*
Affiliation:
University of Lausanne, UNIL-Dorigny, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
*
christian.thoeni@unil.ch, URL: http://sites.google.com/site/christianthoeni

Abstract

Outcomes and strategies shown in control questions prior to experimental play may provide subjects with anchors or induce experimenter demand effects. In a Cournot oligopoly experiment we explore whether control questions influence subjects’ choices in initial periods and over the course of a repeated game. We vary the framing of the control question to explore the cause of potential influences. We find no evidence for an influence of the control question on choices, neither in the first period nor later in the game.

Type
Original Paper
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 Economic Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-014-9395-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

References

Ariely, D, Loewenstein, G, & Prelec, D (2003). Coherent arbitrariness: stable demand curves without stable preferences. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 73105. 10.1162/00335530360535153CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bardsley, N (2008). Dictator game giving: altruism or artefact?. Experimental Economics, 11(2), 122133. 10.1007/s10683-007-9172-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barmettler, F, Fehr, E, & Zehnder, C (2012). Big experimenter is watching you! Anonymity and prosocial behavior in the laboratory. Games and Economic Behavior, 75(1), 1734. 10.1016/j.geb.2011.09.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergman, O, Ellingsen, T, Johannesson, M, & Svensson, C (2010). Anchoring and cognitive ability. Economics Letters, 107(1), 6668. 10.1016/j.econlet.2009.12.028CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, GB, & Johnson, EJ (1994). The limits of anchoring. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 7(4), 223242. 10.1002/bdm.3960070402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischbacher, U (2007). Z-tree—zurich toolbox for readymade economic experiments. Experimental Economics, 10(2), 171178. 10.1007/s10683-006-9159-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, RA (1958). Statistical Methods for Research Workers, thirteenthEdinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.Google Scholar
Friedman, D, & Sunder, S (1994). Experimental methods: a primer for economists, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 10.1017/CBO9781139174176CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furnham, A, & Boo, HC (2011). A literature review of the anchoring effect. Journal of Socio-Economics, 40(11), 3542. 10.1016/j.socec.2010.10.008Google Scholar
Greiner, B Kremer, K, & Macho, V (2004). An online recruitment system for economic experiments. Forschung und wissenschaftliches Rechnen, gwdg beric edn, New York, NY: Worth Publishers 115.Google Scholar
Huck, S, Normann, HT, & Oechssler, J (2004). Two are few and four are many: number effects in experimental oligopolies. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 53(4), 435446. 10.1016/j.jebo.2002.10.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maniadis, Z, Tufano, F, & List, JA (2014). One swallow doesn’t make a summer: New evidence on anchoring effects. American Economic Review, 104(1), 277290. 10.1257/aer.104.1.277CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roux, C., & Thöni, C (2013) Collusion among many firms: the disciplinary power of targeted punishment. DEEP Working Paper 1302.Google Scholar
Sitzia, S, & Zizzo, DJ (2011). Does product complexity matter for competition in experimental retail markets?. Theory and Decision, 70(1), 6582. 10.1007/s11238-009-9163-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sudgen, R, Zheng, J, & Zizzo, DJ (2013). Not all anchors are created equal. Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 2131. 10.1016/j.joep.2013.06.008Google Scholar
Tversky, A, & Kahneman, D (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 11241131. 10.1126/science.185.4157.1124CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, TD, Houston, CE, Etling, KM, & Brekke, N (1996). A new look at anchoring effects: basic anchoring and its antecedents. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 125, 387402. 10.1037/0096-3445.125.4.387CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zizzo, DJ (2010). Experimenter demand effects in economic experiments. Experimental Economics, 13(1), 7598. 10.1007/s10683-009-9230-zCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zizzo, DJ, & Flemming, P (2011). Can experimental measures of sensitivity to social pressure predict public good contribution?. Economics Letters, 111(3), 239242. 10.1016/j.econlet.2011.02.021CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Roux and Thöni supplementary material

Appendix
Download Roux and Thöni supplementary material(File)
File 485.5 KB