This booklet, based on experiences gained during the UN International Year of the Potato (2008), is an attempt to influence decision makers in developing countries to improve potato production sustainably so that the crop may achieve its full potential and make the contribution to world food security of which it is capable. Factors constraining productivity are identified and good agricultural practices that may overcome them are summarized, as well as indicators of sustainability. Five FAO fact sheets outline key issues in potato development. The arguments and facts are clearly presented and well illustrated. This booklet cannot by itself provide the practical details necessary for individual farmers to enhance their productivity on farm nor does it attempt to do so, but it provides useful guidelines and a reference source for individuals and institutions, whose aims are to provide the practical guidance to farmers and other users of the crop, to formulate appropriate policies and research agenda.