Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-t27h7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-17T22:43:31.528Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Observations which contradict the hypothesis of a big bang universe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2009

Halton Arp
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Big Bang theory requires all matter and galaxies to have been created simultaneously 15 billion years ago. But many young galaxies have been observed which must have been created more recently. Moreover, these younger objects, although demonstrably nearby, have large redshifts which cannot be due to recession velocity in an expanding universe. The fundamental assumption in the Big Bang is that extragalactic redshifts are caused only by the velocity of recession. It is shown here how every observational test which can be made on galaxies, and even stars, contradicts the assumption. It is described how a more general and more correct solution of the Einstein general relativity equations yields a non-expanding, continuous creation universe of unlimited age and size.

Type
Focus—Structure of the Universe
Information
European Review , Volume 2 , Issue 2 , April 1994 , pp. 165 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © Academia Europaea 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Roberts, M. S. (1987) New Ideas in Astronomy, Cambridge University Press, p. 65.Google Scholar
2.Brosch, N. (1989) Astrophys J. 344, 597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Subrahmanyam, R. (1989) Ph.D. Thesis Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.Google Scholar
4.Arp, H. (1987) J. Astrophys. Astr. (India) 8, 231.Google Scholar
5.Arp, H. (1991) Highlights of Astronomy, IAU 21st General Assembly 9, 43 (Bergeron, J., Ed).Google Scholar
6.Arp, H. (1987) Quasars, Redshifts and Controversies Interstellar Media, Berkeley.Google Scholar
7.Arp, H. (1994) Astrophysics J. (July Issue).Google Scholar
8.Arp, H. and Sulentic, J. W. (1985) Ap. J. 291, 88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Arp, H. (1993) in Progress in New Cosmologies (Arp, H., Keys, C. R. and Rudnicki, K., Eds), Plenum Press, pp. 1–28.Google Scholar
10.Arp, H.. (1988) Astron. Astrophys. 203, 70.Google Scholar
11.Narlikar, J. V. (1977) Ann. Physics, 107, 325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Narlikar, J. V. and Arp, H. (1993) Ap. J. 405, 51.Google Scholar
13.Field, G. (1973) The Redshift Controversy W. A. Benjamin, Inc.Google Scholar
14.Arp, H. (1991) ‘How non-velocity redshifts in galaxies depend on epoch of creation, Apeiron, 9–10, p. 18.Google Scholar
15.Arp, H. (1992) Mon. Not. Roy. Astr. Soc. 258, 800.Google Scholar
16.Gutherie, B. N. G. and Napier, W. M. (1991) Mon. Not. Roy. Astr. Soc. 253, 333.Google Scholar