No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Addressing genetic essentialism: Sharpening context in behavior genetics
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 September 2023
Abstract
Evidence of a causal role for genes in human behavior underpins genetic essentialism, the scientifically flawed and socially hazardous idea that heritable characteristics are immutable. Behavior geneticists can challenge this idea by designing research that brings the contextual dependence of heritability estimates into sharper focus, and by incorporating a relevant statement into research reports and public outreach.
- Type
- Open Peer Commentary
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press
References
Belsky, D. W., Moffitt, T. E., Sugden, K., Williams, B., Houts, R., McCarthy, J., & Caspi, A. (2013). Development and evaluation of a genetic risk score for obesity. Biodemography and Social Biology, 59, 85–100. doi: doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2013.774628CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byrne, B., Olson, R. K., & Samuelsson, S. (2013). Subsample standardization in twin studies of academic achievement. In Annual conference of the behavior genetics association, July, Marseilles, France.Google Scholar
Dar-Nimrod, I., & Heine, S. J. (2011). Genetic essentialism: On the deceptive determinism of DNA. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 800–818. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021860.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grasby, K. L., Coventry, W. L., Byrne, B., & Olson, R. K. (2019). Little evidence that socioeconomic status modifies heritability of literacy and numeracy in Australia. Child Development, 90, 623–637. doi: 10.111/cdev.12920CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grinde, K. E., Qibin, Q., Thornton, T. A., Simin, L., Shadyab, A. H., Chan, K. H. K., … Sofer, T. (2019). Generalizing polygenic risk scores from Europeans to Hispanics/Latinos. Genetic Epidemiology, 43, 50–62. doi: doi.org/10.1002/gepi.2216CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haslam, N., & Kvaale, E. P. (2015). Biogenetic explanations of mental disorder: The mixed-blessings model. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24, 399–404. https://doi.org/10.1177/096372141558808CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, A. C., Berg, K., Eaves, L. J., Solaas, M. H., Corey, L. A., Sundet, J., … Nance, W. E. (1985). Education policy and the heritability of educational attainment. Nature, 314, 734–736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lebowitz, M. S., Ahn, W.-K., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Fixable or fate? Perceptions of the biology of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 518–527. https://doi.org/10.1037/a00311730CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojanen, E., Ronimus, M., Ahonen, T., Chansa-Kabali, T., February, P., Jere-Folotiya, J., … Lyytinen, H. (2015). GraphoGame – A catalyst for multi-level promotion of literacy in diverse contexts. Frontiers in Psychology. 6(671), 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00671CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Samuelsson, S., Byrne, B., Olson, R. K., Hulslander, J., Wadsworth, S., Corley, R., … DeFries, J. C. (2008). Response to early literacy instruction in the United States, Australia, and Scandinavia: A behavioral-genetic analysis. Learning and Individual Differences, 18, 289–295. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2008.03.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Surigo, G., Williams, S. M., & Tishkoff, S. A. (2019). The missing diversity in human genetic studies. Cell, 177, 26–31. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.048CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker-Drob, E. M., & Bates, T. C. (2016). Large cross-national differences in gene × socioeconomic status interaction on intelligence. Psychological Science, 27, 138–149. doi: doi.org/10.1177/0956797615612727CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Target article
Building causal knowledge in behavior genetics
Related commentaries (23)
A disanalogy with RCTs and its implications for second-generation causal knowledge
Addressing genetic essentialism: Sharpening context in behavior genetics
All that glisters is not gold: Genetics and social science
Behavior genetics and randomized controlled trials: A misleading analogy
Behavior genetics: Causality as a dialectical pursuit
Benefits of hereditarian insights for mate choice and parenting
Building causal knowledge in behavior genetics without racial/ethnic diversity will result in weak causal knowledge
Causal dispositionalism in behaviour genetics
Drowning in shallow causality
Extensions of the causal framework to Mendelian randomisation and gene–environment interaction
Genes, genomes, and developmental process
Genetics can inform causation, but the concepts and language we use matters
Genome-wide association study and the randomized controlled trial: A false equivalence
Human genomic data have different statistical properties than the data of randomised controlled trials
Mechanistic understanding of individual outcomes: Challenges and alternatives to genetic designs
Meeting counterfactual causality criteria is not the problem
On the big list of causes
Polygene risk scores and randomized experiments
Shallow versus deep genetic causes
The providential randomisation of genotypes
Theory matters for identifying a causal role for genetic factors in socioeconomic outcomes
When local causes are more explanatorily useful
Where not to look for targets of social reforms and interventions, according to behavioral genetics
Author response
Causal complexity in human research: On the shared challenges of behavior genetics, medical genetics, and environmentally oriented social science