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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2017
1 H. Hannum, Materials on International Human Rights and U.S. Constitutional Law (1985).
2 38 Cal. 2d 718, 242 P.2d 617 (1952). The book also cites Frolova v. U.S.S.R., 761 F.2d 370, 374 (7th Cir. 1985).
3 The Paquete Habana, 175 U.S. 677, 700 (1900).
4 Sections 701–703 of the Restatement (1987) refer to both theories mentioned here. Section 702 lists as violations of customary international law state-sanctioned genocide, slavery, murder and disappearances, torture, “prolonged arbitrary detention,” “systematic racial discrimination” and a “consistent pattern of gross violations of [other] internationally recognized human rights.”