Hostname: page-component-6dbcb7884d-64ff6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-14T08:31:21.018Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Scramjets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2016

M. Smart
M. Smart*
Affiliation:
Centre for Hypersonics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The supersonic combustion ramjet, or scramjet, is the engine cycle most suitable for sustained hypersonic flight in the atmosphere. This article describes some of the challenges facing scramjet designers, and the methods currently used for the calculation of scramjet performance. It then reviews the HyShot 2 and Hyper-X flight programs as examples of how sub-scale flights are now being used as important steps towards the development of operational systems. Finally, it describes some recent advances in three-dimensional scramjets with application to hypersonic cruise and multi-stage access-to-space vehicles.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 111 , Issue 1124 , October 2007 , pp. 605 - 619
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2007 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Anderson, G.Y., McClinton, C.R. and Weidner, J.P.. Scramjet Performance, Scramjet Propulsion, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, 2001, AIAA, Washington DC, USA, Chapter 6.Google Scholar
2. Andrews, E.H. and MacKley, E.A., Analysis of experimental results of the inlet for the NASA hypersonic research engine aerothermodynamic integration model, 1976, NASA TM X-3365.Google Scholar
3. Auslender, A.H., and Smart, M.K.. Comparison of Ramjet Isolator Performance with Emphasis on Non-Constant Area Processes, 2000, Joint Army-Navy-NASA-Air Force (JANNAF) Meeting, Monterey, California, USA.Google Scholar
4. Barthelemy, R.R., The national aero-space plane program, 1989, AIAA Paper 89-5001.Google Scholar
5. Beckel, S.A., Garrett, J.L. and Gettinger, C.G., Technologies for robust and affordable scramjet propulsion, 2006, AIAA paper 2006-7980.Google Scholar
6. Baurle, R.A. and Eklund, D.R.. Analysis of dual-mode hydrocarbon scramjet operation at Mach 4-6.5, J Propulsion and Power, 2002, 18, (5), p 990.Google Scholar
7. Curran, E.T.. Scramjet engines: The first forty years, J Propulsion and Power, 2001, 17, (6), pp 1138–1148.Google Scholar
8. Cain, T., Owens, R. and Walton, C., Reconstruction of the HyShot 2 flight from onboard sensors fifth symposium on aerothermodynamics for space vehicles, 2004, Cologne, Germany.Google Scholar
9. Donohue, J.M. and McDaniel, J.C.. Complete three-dimensional multiparameter mapping of a supersonic ramp fuel injector flowfield, AIAA J, 1996, 34, (3), p 455.Google Scholar
10. Ferlemann, S.M., McClinton, C.R., Rock, K.E. and Voland, R.T., Hyper-X Mach 7 scramjet design, ground test and flight results, 2005, AIAA paper 2005-3322.Google Scholar
11. Ferri, A.. Review of the problems in application of supersonic combustion, Aeronaut J, 1964, 64, (645), pp 575–597.Google Scholar
12. Heiser, W.H. and Pratt, D.T.. Hypersonic airbreathing propulsion, AIAA Education Series, 1994.Google Scholar
13. Henry, J.R. and Anderson, G.Y., Design considerations for the airframe-integrated scramjet, 1973, NASA TM X-2895.Google Scholar
14. Huebner, L.D., Rock, K.E., Ruf, E.G., Witte, D.W. and Andrews, E.H.. Hyper-X flight engine ground testing for flight risk reduction, J Spacecraft and Rockets, 2001, 38, (6), pp 844–852.Google Scholar
15. Kantrowitz, A. and Donaldson, C., Preliminary investigation of supersonic diffusers, NACA WRL-713, 1945.Google Scholar
16. Korkegi, R.H. 1975, Comparison of shock induced two- and three-dimensional incipient turbulent separation, AIAA J, 13, (4), pp 534–535.Google Scholar
17. Matsuo, K., Miyazato, Y. and Kim, H.. Shock train and pseudo-shock phenomena in internal gas flows, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 1999, 35, pp 33–100.Google Scholar
18. McClinton, C.R., X-43 – scramjet power breaks the hypersonic barrier: Dryden lectureship in research for 2006, 2006, AIAA paper 2006-1.Google Scholar
19. Molder, S.. Performance of three hypersonic inlets, paper 1430, 22nd International Symposium on Shock Waves, 1999, London, UK.Google Scholar
20. Northam, G.B., Capriotti, D.P., Byington, C.S. and Greenberg, I., Mach 2 and Mach 3 mixing and combustion in scramjets, AIAA paper 91-2394, 1991.Google Scholar
21. Odam, J., Scramjet Experiments Using Radical Farming, PhD thesis, 2004, The University of Queensland, Australia.Google Scholar
22. Ortwerth, P.J., Scramjet Vehicle Integration, Scramjet Propulsion, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, AIAA Washington DC, USA, 2001, Chapter 17.Google Scholar
23. Pandolfini, P.P., Instructions for using ramjet performance analysis (RJPA) IBM-PC Version 1.0, JHU-APL NASP-86-2, 1986.Google Scholar
24. Paull, A., Alesi, H. and Anderson, S., HyShot flight program and how it was developed, AIAA 02-4939, 2002.Google Scholar
25. Pinckney, S.Z., Ferlemann, S.M., Mills, J.C. and Bass, L.S., Program manual for SRGULL version 2.0, HX#829.1, 1994.Google Scholar
26. Portz, R. and Segal, C.. Penetration of gaseous jets in supersonic flow, AIAA J, 2006, 44, (10), p 2426.Google Scholar
27. Rausch, V.L., McClinton, C.R. and Crawford, J.L., Hyper-X: flight validation of hypersonic airbreathin technology, AIAA paper 97-7024, 1997.Google Scholar
28. Rogers, R.C., Shih, A.T. and Hass, N.E., Scramjet development tests supporting the Mach 10 flight of Hyper-X, AIAA paper 2005-3351, 2005.Google Scholar
29. Shapiro, A.H., The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, 1953, John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.Google Scholar
30. Smart, M.K.. Design of three-dimensional hypersonic inlets with rectangular-to-elliptical shape transition, J Propulsion and Power, 1999, 15, (3), pp 408–416.Google Scholar
31. Smart, M.K.. Experimental testing of a hypersonic inlet with rectangular-to-elliptical shape transition, J Propulsion and Power, 2001, 17, (2), pp 276–283.Google Scholar
32. Smart, M.K., Hass, N.E. and Paull, A.. Flight data analysis of the HyShot 2 flight experiment, AIAA J, 2006, 44, (10), pp 2366–2375.Google Scholar
33. Smart, M.K. and Ruf, E.G., Free-jet testing of a REST scramjet at off-design conditions, 2006, AIAA paper 2006-2955.Google Scholar
34. Smart, M.K. and Tetlow, M.R., Orbital delivery of small payloads using hypersonic airbreathing propulsion, AIAA-2006-8019, 14th AIAA/AHI Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, 2006, Canberra, Australia.Google Scholar
35. Stalker, R.J., Paull, A., Mee, D.J., Morgan, R.G. and Jacobs, P.A.. Scramjets and shock tunnels – the Queensland experience, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2006, 41, pp 471–513.Google Scholar
36. Stalker, R.J.. Control of hypersonic turbulent skin friction by boundary layer combustion of hydrogen, J Spacecraft and Rockets, 2005, 42, (4), pp 577–587.Google Scholar
37. Trexler, C.A., Inlet performance of the integrated Langley scramjet module, 1975, AIAA paper 75-3844.Google Scholar
38. Van Wie, D.M.. Scramjet inlets, scramjet propulsion, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, AIAA Washington DC, USA, 2001, Chapter 7.Google Scholar
39. Webber, R.J. and MacKay, J.S., An analysis of ramjet engines using supersonic combustion, NACA TN 4386, 1958.Google Scholar