The end of the Cold War saw an aid and development agenda dominated by neoliberal ideology. In Oceania, two successive master strategies were implemented. The Pacific Plan was born at least partly out of the neoliberal turn, with an emphasis on spurring economic growth. It was succeeded in 2014 by a Framework for Pacific Regionalism that attempted to encompass a broader range of actors, including civil society groups, and appears to have been more successful in garnering enthusiasm for the regionalist project among stakeholders. Fiji, suspended from the Forum, began to forge an alternative approach to regional organization with the Pacific Islands Development Forum in 2013 as well as enhancing its own profile in the broader international sphere. Some of these developments are seen as contributing to a nascent ‘post-hegemonic regionalism’, suggesting that the countries of the Island Pacific, rather than the metropolitan powers, are beginning to take control of the regional agenda.