Book contents
References
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 November 2024
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Recasting of the Latin American RightPolarization and Conservative Reactions, pp. 247 - 270Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2024
References
Abou-Chadi, T. 2016. Niche party success and mainstream party policy shifts: How green and radical right parties differ in their impact. British Journal of Political Science, 46, 417–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adorno, T., Frenkel-Brenswik, E., Levinson, D. J. & Sanford, R. N. 2019. The authoritarian personality. Verso Books.Google Scholar
Afonso, A. 2013. Whose interests do radical right parties really represent? The Migration Policy Agenda of the Swiss Peoplés Party between Nativism and Neoliberalism (November 12, 2012). In: Korkut, U., Bucken-Knapp, G., McGarry, A., Hinnfors, J., Drake, H. (eds.) The politics of migration in Europe. New York: Palgrave, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1948678 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1948678Google Scholar
Ahumada, M. J. 2019. RN prepara propuesta de reforma al sistema previsional con AFP estatal y royalty a utilidades. La Tercera.Google Scholar
Akkerman, A., Mudde, C. & Zaslove, A. 2014. How populist are the people? Measuring populist attitudes in voters. Comparative Political Studies, 47, 1324–1353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akkerman, T. 2005. Anti-immigration parties and the defence of liberal values: The exceptional case of the List Pim Fortuyn. Journal of Political Ideologies, 10, 337–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akkerman, T. 2015. Immigration policy and electoral competition in Western Europe: A fine-grained analysis of party positions over the past two decades. Party Politics, 21, 54–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albarracín, J. 2013. Ideological self-placement and issue attitudes in Colombian public opinion. Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencia Política, 7.Google Scholar
Albarracín, J. 2020. Explorando las bases: Opinión pública y los sentidos de la derecha en Brasil y Colombia. Las nuevas derechas: un desafío para las democracias actuales / coord. por Omar Alejandro Bravo, 2020, ISBN 978-958-5590-48-9, 13–42.Google Scholar
Albarracín, J., Gamboa, L. & Mainwaring, S. 2018. Deinstitutionalization without collapse: Colombia’s party system. In: Mainwaring, S. (ed.) Party systems in Latin America: Institutionalization, decay and collapse. Cambridge University Press, 227–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albarracín, J. & Milanese, J. P. 2021. Cuando lo local no es función de lo nacional: Efectos diferenciales del cambio institucional en Colombia (1997–2015). Revista de ciencia política (Santiago), 41, 35–65.Google Scholar
Alcántara, M. (dir.). 2021. Proyecto Élites Latinoamericanas (PELA-USAL). Universidad de Salamanca (1994–2021).Google Scholar
Aldrich, J. H. 1995. Why parties? The origin and transformation of political parties in America. University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alenda, S. 2014. Les avatars de la “nouvelle droite” chilienne: La fabrique d’une institution partisane (1967–2010). Politix, 106, 159–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alenda, S. 2020. Anatomía de la derecha chilena: Estado, mercado y valores en tiempos de cambio. Fondo de Cultura Económica.Google Scholar
Alenda, S. & Arce-Riffo, J. 2023. New political cycle in Chile: From centrist consensus to the struggle for cultural hegemony. In: Dabene, O. (ed.) Latin America’s pendular politics: Electoral cycles and alternations. Springer, 39–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alenda, S., Faure, A. & Larrouqué, D. 2022. Chile en pandemia: ¿La crisis de una cultural institucional singular? In: Russo, J. (ed.) A marchas forzadas. Mecanismos sociales y democracia en épocas de pandemia. Prometeo Libros.Google Scholar
Alenda, S., Le Foulon, C. & Suárez-Cao, J. 2020a. La batalla por las ideas en tiempos posideológicos: Adaptaciones y permanencias ideológicas en la nueva centroderecha chilena. Revista de Sociologia e Política, 70, 27.Google Scholar
Alenda, S., Le Foulon, C. & Suárez-Cao, J. 2020. La batalla por las ideas en tiempos posideológicos: Adaptaciones y permanencias ideológicas en la nueva centro-derecha chilena. In: Alenda, S. (ed.) Anatomía de la centro-derecha chilena: nuevos y viejos protagonistas. Fondo de Cultura Económica.Google Scholar
Alenda, S. S., Le Foulon, C. & Suárez-Cao, J. 2020b. Evolución de las sensibilidades políticas: Hacia una nueva centro-derecha en Chile. In: Alenda, S. (ed.) Anatomía de la derecha chilena: Estado, mercado y valores en tiempos de cambio. Fondo de Cultura Económica, 87–118.Google Scholar
Alenda, S. & Sajuria, J. 2020. ¿Qué ideas unen a la derecha del Rechazo y del Apruebo de cara a la convención? CIPER Académico. Available at www.ciperchile.cl/2020/11/30/que-ideas-unen-a-la-derecha-del-rechazo-y-del-apruebo-de-cara-a-la-convencion/Google Scholar
Almeida, T. M. C. D. & Bandeira, L. M. 2013. O aborto e o uso do corpo feminino na política: a campanha presidencial brasileira em 2010 e seus desdobramentos atuais. cadernos pagu, 41, 371–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alonso, S. & Fonseca, S. C. D. 2012. Immigration, left and right. Party Politics, 18, 865–884.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvarez, R. M. & Nagler, J. 2004. Party system compactness: Measurement and consequences. Political Analysis, 12, 46–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alves, J. E. D. 2018. O voto evangélico garantiu a eleição de Jair Bolsonaro. EcoDebate. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/eco-debateGoogle Scholar
Andrews-Lee, C. & Gamboa, L. 2022. When handpicked successors of charismatic leaders prosper: The surprising success of Juan Manuel Santos in Colombia. Democratization, 29:6, 1116–1136, https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2022.2033971CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anria, S. 2018. When movements become parties: The Bolivian MAS in comparative perspective. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anria, S. & Roberts, K. 2019. A right turn in Latin America. Aulablog. Center for Latin American and Latino Studies, Washington. https://aulablog.net/2019/01/09/a-right-turn-in-latin-america/Google Scholar
Antillano, A. & Ávila, K. 2017. ¿ La mano dura disminuye los homicidios? El caso de Venezuela/Do heavy-handed tactics reduce homicides? The case of Venezuela. Revista CIDOB d’afers internacionals, 116, 77–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arzheimer, K. 2009. Contextual factors and the extreme right vote in Western Europe, 1980–2002. American Journal of Political Science, 53, 259–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arzheimer, K. 2013. Working-class parties 2.0? Competition between centre left and extreme right parties. In: Rydren, J. (ed.) Class politics and the radical right. Routledge, 75–90.Google Scholar
Atria, F. 2013. El otro modelo: del orden neoliberal al régimen de lo público. Debate.Google Scholar
Atria, F. 2014. Derechos sociales y educación: un nuevo paradigma de lo público. LOM ediciones.Google Scholar
Aveledo, G. T. 2016. Caldera en la hora neoliberal. In: Arráiz, R. (ed.) Rafael Caldera: Una visión Plural. Ediciones B, 55–75.Google Scholar
Aveledo, G. T. 2020. Gobernanza Democrática y Partidos Políticos. In: Abadi, A. (ed.) La Venezuela que queremos: ¿dónde estamos y a dónde queremos llegar? Informe del Capítulo Venezolano del Club de Roma. Universidad Monteávila.Google Scholar
Aveledo, G. T. 2021. De la ilusión de armonía a la armonía desilusionada. Revista SIC, December 20, 2021.Google Scholar
Aveledo, R. G. 2014. Al servicio de la unidad. Caracas: Instituto de Estudios Parlamentarios Fermín Toro.Google Scholar
Ávila, K. 2020. Dan más balas de las que reciben. Uso de la fuerza letal en la Venezuela post-Chávez. Crítica Penal y Poder, 20.Google Scholar
Bale, T. 2003. Cinderella and her ugly sisters: The mainstream and extreme right in Europe’s bipolarising party systems. West European Politics, 26, 67–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bale, T. 2018. Who leads and who follows? The symbiotic relationship between UKIP and the conservatives – And populism and Euroscepticism. Politics, 38, 263–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bale, T., Green-Pedersen, C., Krouwel, A., Luther, K. R. & Sitter, N. 2010. If you can’t beat them, join them? Explaining social democratic responses to the challenge from the populist radical right in Western Europe. Political Studies, 58, 410–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bale, T. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2021. Riding the populist wave: Europe’s mainstream right in crisis. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, M. J. & Mccarty, N. 2015. Causes and consequences of polarization. In: Persily, N. (ed.) Solutions to political polarization in America. Cambridge University Press, 37, 39–43.Google Scholar
Barndt, W. T. 2014. Corporation-based parties: The present and future of business politics in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society, 56:3, 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartels, L. M. 2020. Ethnic antagonism erodes Republicans’ commitment to democracy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117, 22752–22759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bateson, R. 2012. Crime Victimization and Political Participation. American Political Science Review, 106:3, 570–587. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000299CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becerra, A. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2021. Simpatías partidarias en el Chile post estallido social. Friedrich Ebert Foundation.Google Scholar
Bértoa, F. C. & Rama, J. 2021. The antiestablishment challenge. Journal of Democracy, 32, 37–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Betz, H.-G. & Meret, S. 2009. Revisiting Lepanto: The political mobilization against Islam in contemporary Western Europe. Patterns of Prejudice, 43, 313–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biroli, F. & Caminotti, M. 2020. The conservative backlash against gender in Latin America. Politics & Gender, 1, 16.Google Scholar
Biroli, F. & Caminotti, M. 2021. The conservative backlash against gender in Latin America. Politics & Gender, 16, 1–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blee, K. M. & Creasap, K. A. 2016. Conservative and right-wing movements. In: Mudde, C. (ed.) The populist radical right. Routledge.Google Scholar
Blondet, C. 2002. El encanto del dictador: mujeres y política en la década de Fujimori. Instituto de Estudios peruanos.Google Scholar
Boas, T. C. 2014. Pastor Paulo vs. Doctor Carlos: Professional titles as voting heuristics in Brazil. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 6, 39–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boas, T. C. 2016. Pastors for Pinochet: Authoritarian stereotypes and voting for evangelicals in Chile. Journal of Experimental Political Science, 3, 197–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boas, T. C. 2020. The electoral representation of Evangelicals in Latin America. Oxford research encyclopedia of politics.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boas, T. C. 2023. Evangelicals and electoral politics in Latin America: A kingdom of this world. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boas, T. C. & Smith, A. E. 2015. Religion and the Latin American voter. In: Carlin, R. E., Singer, M. M. & Zechmeister, E. J. (eds.) The Latin American voter: Pursuing representation and accountability in challenging contexts. University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Bobbio, N. 1996. Left and right: The significance of a political distinction. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bohn, S. 2014. Religião e Voto nas Eleições Presidenciais Brasileiras (2002–2010). In: Bonifácio, R., Casalecchi, G. & De Deus, C. (eds.) Voto para Presidente no Brasil. Editora Ithala.Google Scholar
Bohn, S. R. 2004. Evangélicos no Brasil: perfil socioeconômico, afinidades ideológicas e determinantes do comportamento eleitoral. Opinião pública, 10, 288–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohn, S. R. 2007. Contexto político-eleitoral, minorias religiosas e voto em pleitos presidenciais (2002–2006). Opinião pública, 13, 366–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borger, J. 2019. Venezuela at the crossroads: The who, what and why of the crisis. The Guardian.Google Scholar
Borges, A. 2021a. Authoritarian inheritance, political conflict and conservative party institutionalisation: The cases of Chile and Brazil. Journal of Latin American Studies, 53, 767–793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borges, A. 2021b. The illusion of electoral stability: From party system erosion to right-wing populism in Brazil. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 13, 161–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borges, A., Albala, A. & Burtnik, L. 2017. Pathways to nationalization in multilevel presidential systems: Accounting for party strategies in Brazil and Argentina. Publius, 47, 648–672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bornschier, S. 2010a. Cleavage politics and the populist right: The new cultural conflict in Western Europe. JSTOR.Google Scholar
Bornschier, S. 2010b. The new cultural divide and the two-dimensional political space in Western Europe. West European Politics, 33, 419–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botero, S., García-Montoya, L., Otero-Bahamón, S. & Londoño-Mendez, S. 2023. Colombia 2022: Del fin de la guerra al gobierno del cambio. Revista de ciencia política (Santiago), 43:2, 223–254.Google Scholar
Bowen, J. D. 2014. The right and nonparty forms of representation and participation. In: Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Bull, B. & Rosales, A. 2023. How sanctions led to authoritarian capitalism in Venezuela. Current History, 122, 49–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bull, B., Rosales, A. & Sutherland, M. 2021. Venezuela: De la crisis económica al capitalismo elitista bodegonero. Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, FES. Disponible en….Google Scholar
Bunker, K., González, C., Contreras, S. & Toro, P. 2022. Codebook: Votaciones Individuales de la Convención Constitucional de Chile. Tresquintos.Google Scholar
Burgess, K. 2003. Explaining populist party adaptation in Latin America: Environmental and organizational determinants of party change in Argentina, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. Comparative Political Studies, 36:8, 881–911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burst, T., Krause, W., Lehmann, P., Matthieß, T., Merz, N., Regel, S., Weßels, B. & Zehnter, L. 2020. The manifesto data collection: South America. Version 2020b. Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB).Google Scholar
Bustikova, L. 2014. Revenge of the radical right. Comparative Political Studies, 47, 1738–1765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabeza, L. M. & Vieira, L. D. 2001. El discurso neoliberal en Venezuela: un estudio de la persuación. Espacio Abierto, 1, 10.Google Scholar
Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E. & Stokes, D. E. 1960. The American voter. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Campello, D. & Zucco, J. R. C. 2016. Presidential success and the world economy. The Journal of Politics, 78, 589–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campos Campos, C. 2021. El Partido Republicano: el proyecto populista de la derecha radical chilena. Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política, 30, 105–134.Google Scholar
Cannon, B. 2016. The right in Latin America: Elite power, hegemony and the struggle for the state. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, V. J., Lumley, T. & Ripley, B. 2012. gee: Generalized estimation equation solver. R Package Version, 4, 13–18.Google Scholar
Carlin, R. E., Hartlyn, J., Hellwig, T., Love, G. J., Martinez-Gallardo, C. & Singer, M. M. 2016. Executive Approval Database 1.0. www.executiveapproval.orgGoogle Scholar
Carlin, R. E., Singer, M. M. & Zechmeister, E. J. 2015. Left-right identifications and the Latin American voter. In: The Latin American voter: Pursuing representation and accountability in challenging contexts. University of Michigan Press, 195–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrión, J. 2006. The Fujimori legacy: The rise of electoral authoritarianism in Peru. Penn State Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cartay, G. 2000. Política y partidos modernos en Venezuela. Las nuevas tendencias. Caracas: Fondo Editorial Nacional José Agustín Catalá Editor.Google Scholar
Castaldo, A. 2018. Populism and competitive authoritarianism in Turkey. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 18, 467–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CCN. 2020. Leopoldo López and Álvaro Uribe Agree That It Is Urgent to Get Rid of Nicolás Maduro’s Dictatorship. Presidencia Venezuela. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/lopez-uribeGoogle Scholar
Chávez, H. 1997. Discurso de Hugo Chávez en la Plaza Caracas, a la Salida del Consejo Supremo Electoral. V República Órgano Teórico del MVR. Villa de Cura: Editorial Miranda.Google Scholar
Chávez, H. 2007. Intervención del Comandante Presidente Hugo Chávez durante acto de juramentación de nuevo Gabinete Ejecutivo. Todochávez en la Web.Google Scholar
Chávez, H. 2009. Chávez no ve bien El Matrimonio gay. Homofobia y Dicriminación en Venezuela 2009. Fundación Reflejos de Venezuela.Google Scholar
Chhibber, P. & Torcal, M. 1997. Elite strategy, social cleavages, and party systems in a new democracy: Spain. Comparative Political Studies, 30, 27–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cifuentes, C. F. & Pino, J. F. 2018. Conmigo o contra mí: análisis de la concordancia y las estrategias temáticas del Centro Democrático en Twitter. Palabra Clave, 21, 885–916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clases, C. M. L. D. 2020. Alternativa popular revolucionaria. Comunicado de la Alternativa Popular Revolucionaria.Google Scholar
Clinton, J., Jackman, S. & Rivers, D. 2004. The statistical analysis of roll call data. American Political Science Review, 98, 355–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, M. J., Layton, M. L., Moseley, M. W. & Smith, A. E. 2021. Democracy on the Ballot Panel Study: Brazil 2018 (Update May 10, 2021). Harvard Dataverse.Google Scholar
Cohen, M. J. & Smith, A. E. 2016. Do authoritarians vote for authoritarians? Evidence from Latin America. Research & Politics, 3:4. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168016684066CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comercio, E. 2019. Jeanine Añez y Juan Guaidó hablan del nombramiento de embajadores de Bolivia y Venezuela | MUNDO. El Comercio.Google Scholar
Confidencial, E. 2020. La carta de Abascal para “frenar el avance comunista” que firman 50 líderes mundiales. elconfidencial.comGoogle Scholar
Coppedge, M. 1997. Strong parties and lame ducks: Presidential partyarchy and factionalism in Venezuela. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Coppedge, M. 1998a. The dynamic diversity of Latin American party systems. Party Politics, 4, 547–568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coppedge, M. 1998b. The evolution of Latin American party systems. In: Mainwaring, S. & Valenzuela, A. (eds.) Politics, society, and democracy: Latin America. Westview.Google Scholar
Coppedge, M. 1999a. Venezuela: Conservative representation without conservative parties. Kellogg Institute, Working Paper #268.Google Scholar
Coppedge, M. 1999b. Venezuela: Representación conservadora sin partidos conservadores. Notre Dame Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies.Google Scholar
Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Knutsen, C. H., Krusell, J., Medzihorsky, J., Pernes, J., Skaaning, S.-E., Stepanova, N., Teorell, J., Tzelgov, E., Wilson, S. L. & Lindberg, S. I. 2019. The Methodology of “Varieties of Democracy” (V-Dem). Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, 143:1, 107–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0759106319854989CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corrales, J. 2020. The expansion of LGBT rights in Latin America and the Backlash. In: Corrales, J. (ed.) The Oxford handbook of global LGBT and sexual diversity politics. Cambridge University Press, 185–200.Google Scholar
Corrales, J. & Penfold-Becerra, M. 2011. Dragon in the tropics: Hugo Chávez and the political economy of revolution in Venezuela. Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Corredor, C. E. S. 2020. “Son gente como yo.” Brókeres y construcción de maquinaria política en la ciudad de Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia (2008–2019). Estudios Políticos, 59, 227–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, F., Marcantonio, A. & Rocha, R. 2023. Stop suffering! Economic downturns and Pentecostal upsurge. Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, 21:1, 215–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cotler, J. & Grompone, R. 2000. El fujimorismo: ascenso y caída de un régimen autoritario. Lima.Google Scholar
Cox, G. W. 1990. Centripetal and centrifugal incentives in electoral systems. American Journal of Political Science, 34:4, 903–935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crisp, B. F. & Levine, D. H. 1998. Democratizing the democracy? Crisis and reform in Venezuela. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 40, 27–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cual, T. 2019. “Encuentro por Venezuela,” la nueva alianza política que nació en la oposición. Available from: https://tinyurl.com/talcual-oposicionGoogle Scholar
Cyr, J. 2017. The fates of political parties: Institutional crisis, continuity, and change in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, R. J. 2008. The quantity and the quality of party systems: Party system polarization, its measurement, and its consequences. Comparative Political Studies, 41, 899–920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dargent, E. & Muñoz, P. 2011. Democracy against parties? Party system deinstitutionalization in Colombia. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 3, 43–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Abreu Maia, L., Chiu, A. & Desposato, S. 2020. LGBT civil rights do not provoke backlash: Evidence from Latin America. Available from: SSRN 3535833.Google Scholar
De La Torre, C. 2017. Populism in Latin America. In: Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (ed.) The Oxford handbook of populism. Oxford University Press, 195–213.Google Scholar
De Lange, S. L. 2012. New alliances: Why mainstream parties govern with radical right-wing populist parties. Political Studies, 60, 899–918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Víctimas, M. 2018. Bajo Tierra: las muertes por parte de organismos públicos y el aumento de las muertes violentas en Caracas. Recuperado de https://miconvive.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Bajo-Tierra.Reporte-MDV-2.pdfGoogle Scholar
De Zárate, V. V. O. 2016. La derecha pinochetista en el post pinochetismo: auge y crisis del “Lavinismo,” 2000–2004. Estudos Ibero-Americanos, 42, 694–723.Google Scholar
Dennison, J. & Geddes, A. 2019. A rising tide? The salience of immigration and the rise of anti‐immigration political parties in Western Europe. The Political Quarterly, 90, 107–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Tella, T. S. 1971. La búsqueda de la fórmula política argentina. Desarrollo Económico, 317–325.Google Scholar
Díaz, C., Rovira Kaltwasser, C. & Zanotti, L. 2023. The arrival of the populist radical right in Chile. José Antonio Kast and the “Partido Republicano.” Journal of Language and Politics, 22:3, 342–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dip, A. 2018. Em Nome de Quem?: a bancada evangélica e seu projeto de poder. Editora José Olympio.Google Scholar
Dix, R. H. 1989. Cleavage structures and party systems in Latin America. Comparative Politics, 22, 23–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djupe, P. A. & Gilbert, C. P. 2002. The political voice of clergy. Journal of Politics, 64, 596–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djupe, P. A. & Gilbert, C. P. 2008. The political influence of churches. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duque, D. & Smith, A. E. 2019a. El “establishment” dado vuelta: un año de cambio en Brasil. Revista de ciencia política (Santiago), 39, 165–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duque, D. & Smith, A. E. 2019b. The establishment upside down: A year of change in Brazil. Revista de Ciencia Política, 2, 39.Google Scholar
Durand, F. & Silva, E. 1998. Organized business, economic change, and democracy in Latin America. Citeseer.Google Scholar
Eaton, K. 2011. Conservative autonomy movements: Territorial dimensions of ideological conflict in Bolivia and Ecuador. Comparative Politics, 43, 291–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, K. 2014. New strategies of the Latin American right. In: Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Echt, L. 2020. Think tanks partidarios:¿ conocimiento para política pública o activismo político? El caso de la Fundación Pensar y PRO en Argentina. Revista SAAP, 14, 31–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EFE. 2021. Ledezma propone un plan Marshall para la reconstrucción de Venezuela. El Nacional. Available from: www.elnacional.com/venezuela/ledezma-propone-un-plan-marshall-para-la-reconstruccion-de-venezuela/Google Scholar
ENCOVI. 2021. ENCOVI UCAB: Venezuela es el país más pobre de América Latina y el perfil nutricional se asemeja a países de África.Google Scholar
Ennser‐Jedenastik, L. 2018. Welfare chauvinism in populist radical right platforms: The role of redistributive justice principles. Social Policy & Administration, 52, 293–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enyedi, Z. 2005. The role of agency in cleavage formation. European Journal of Political Research, 44, 697–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enyedi, Z. 2008. The social and attitudinal basis of political parties: Cleavage politics revisited. European Review, 16, 287–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estimulo, E. 2017. Rafael Lacava: A este pueblo lo que le hace falta “es palo.” Available from: https://elestimulo.com/rafael-lacava-a-este-pueblo-lo-que-le-hace-falta-es-paloGoogle Scholar
Faguet, J.-P. 2019. Revolution from below: Cleavage displacement and the collapse of elite politics in Bolivia. Politics & Society, 47, 205–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fairfield, T. & Garay, C. 2017. Redistribution under the right in Latin America: Electoral competition and organized actors in policymaking. Comparative Political Studies, 50, 1871–1906.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farías, D. L. 2020. Extremaunción a Guaidó y sus falsarios | Lunes Ácido | Alberto Franceschi con Daniel Lara Farías. Youtube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYlLiDh-GM0&ab_channel=DanielLaraFar%C3%ADasPresentaGoogle Scholar
Feres Junior, J., Campos, L. A., Daflon, V. T. & Venturini, A. C. 2018. Ação afirmativa: conceito, história e debates. EdUERJ.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, M. G. M. & Fuks, M. 2021. O hábito de frequentar cultos como mecanismo de mobilização eleitoral: o voto evangélico em Bolsonaro em 2018. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Política.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fieschi, C. 2004. Fascism, populism and the French Fifth Republic: In the shadow of democracy. Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Fiorina, M. P. & Abrams, S. J. 2008. Political polarization in the American public. Annual Review of Political Science, 11, 563–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flanagan, S. C. & Lee, A.-R. 2003. The new politics, culture wars, and the authoritarian-libertarian value change in advanced industrial democracies. Comparative Political Studies, 36, 235–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FNF. 2021. Foro Iberoamericano: Desafíos de la Libertad. Friedrich Naumann Foundation.Google Scholar
Freston, P. 2008. Evangelical Christianity and democracy in Latin America. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuks, M. & Marques, P. H. 2021. Contexto e voto: o impacto da reorganização da direita sobre a consistência ideológica do voto nas eleições de 2018. Opinião Pública, 26, 401–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Funke, M., Schularick, M. & Trebesch, C. 2016. Going to extremes: Politics after financial crises, 1870–2014. European Economic Review, 88, 227–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabel, M. J. & Huber, J. D. 2000. Putting parties in their place: Inferring party left-right ideological positions from party manifestos data. American Journal of Political Science, 44, 94–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamboa, L. 2013. Campaigning with empty pockets: Why the liberal party wins regional elections in Colombia.Google Scholar
Gamboa, L. 2017. Opposition at the margins: Strategies against the erosion of democracy in Colombia and Venezuela. Comparative Politics, 49, 457–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamboa, L. 2018. Latin America’s shifting politics: The peace process and Colombia’s elections. Journal of Democracy, 29, 54–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamboa, L. 2019. El reajuste de la derecha colombiana. El éxito electoral del uribismo. Colombia Internacional, 99, 187–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamboa, L. & Albarracín, J. 2024. ¿Quienes merecen? Estereotipos sobre grupos armados y opiniones sobre el acuerdo de paz. In: Botero, S. & Sánchez, M. G. (eds.) Paz y Opinión Pública en Colombia. Editorial Uniandes y Editorial Universidad del Rosario.Google Scholar
Gamboa, R., López, M. Á. & Baeza, J. 2013. La evolución programática de los partidos chilenos 1970–2009: De la polarización al consenso. Revista de ciencia política (Santiago), 33, 443–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garay, C. 2016. Social policy expansion in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia-Serra, M. J. 2001. The “Enabling Law”: The demise of the separation of powers in Hugo Chavez’s Venezuela. The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 32, 265–293.Google Scholar
Gaskins, B., Golder, M. & Siegel, D. A. 2013. Religious participation, social conservatism, and human development. The Journal of Politics, 75, 1125–1141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, E. L. 1992. Conservative electoral movements and democratic politics: Core constituencies, coalition-building, and the Latin American electoral right. In: Chalmers, D., de Souza, M. & Boron, A. (eds.) The right and democracy in Latin America. Praeger-Greenwood, 13–42.Google Scholar
Gibson, E. L. 1996. Class and conservative parties: Argentina in comparative perspective. John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Gidron, N. & Hall, P. A. 2017. The politics of social status: Economic and cultural roots of the populist right. The British Journal of Sociology, 68, S57–S84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giraudy, M. E. 2015. Conservative popular appeals: The electoral strategies of Latin America’s right parties. UC Berkeley.Google Scholar
Globovision. 2014. Diputado amoroso: “A la delincuencia hay que darle con mano dura.” Globovisión. Available from: www.dailymotion.com/video/x19q5rwGoogle Scholar
Golder, M. 2003. Explaining variation in the success of extreme right parties in Western Europe. Comparative Political Studies, 36, 432–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González, Y. 2021. “Democracy under Threat”: The foundation of the opposition in Venezuela. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 40, 69–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzalez-Ocantos, E. A., Chirinos, P. M., Pavão, N. & Hidalgo, V. B. 2023. Prosecutors, voters and the criminalization of corruption in Latin America: The case of Lava Jato. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granada, S., Restrepo, J. A. & Vargas, A. 2009. El Agotamiento de La Política de Seguridad: Evolución y Transformaciones Recientes En El Conflicto Armado Colombiano. In: Restrepo, J. A. & Aponte, D. (eds.) Guerras y Violencias En Colombia: Herramientas e Interpretaciones. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.Google Scholar
Grandinetti, J. 2015. “Mirar para adelante.” Tres dimensiones de la juventud en la militancia de Jóvenes PRO. In: Vommaro, G. & Morresi, S. (eds.) Hagamos equipo: Pro y la construcción de la nueva derecha en Argentina. Ediciones UNGS, 231–263.Google Scholar
Green, D. P., Palmquist, B. & Schickler, E. 2004. Partisan hearts and minds: Political parties and the social identities of voters. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Guedes-Neto, J. V. 2021. Voto e identificação partidária em 2018: ordenação social na política brasileira. Opinião Pública, 26, 431–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutiérrez Sanín, F. 2001. ¿ Se ha abierto el sistema político colombiano? Una evaluación de los procesos de cambio (1970–1998).Google Scholar
Hainmueller, J., Mummolo, J. & Xu, Y. 2019. How much should we trust estimates from multiplicative interaction models? Simple tools to improve empirical practice. Political Analysis, 27, 163–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, H. 2014. How organizations develop activists: Civic associations and leadership in the 21st century. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Handlin, S. 2013. Social protection and the politicization of class cleavages during Latin America’s left turn. Comparative Political Studies, 46, 1582–1609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Handlin, S. 2018. The logic of polarizing populism: State crises and polarization in South America. American Behavioral Scientist, 62, 75–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanson, R. & Zubillaga, V. 2021. From carceral punitivism to systematic killing: The necropolitics of policing in post-Chávez Venezuela. Violence: An International Journal, 2, 65–84.Google Scholar
Harbers, I. 2010. Decentralization and the development of nationalized party systems in new democracies: Evidence from Latin America. Comparative Political Studies, 43, 606–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harmel, R. & Janda, K. 1994. An integrated theory of party goals and party change. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 6, 259–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Häusermann, S. 2020. Dualization and electoral realignment. Political Science Research and Methods, 8, 380–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Häusermann, S., Picot, G. & Geering, D. 2013. Rethinking party politics and the welfare state–recent advances in the literature. British Journal of Political Science, 43, 221–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, K. A., Carlin, R. E., Littvay, L. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2018. The ideational approach to populism: Concept, theory, and analysis. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, K. A. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2017. The ideational approach to populism. Latin American Research Review, 52, 513–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, O. 2009. Economic crisis, party system change, and the dynamics of class voting in Venezuela, 1973–2003. Electoral Studies, 28, 467–479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckman, J. J. & SnyderJr, J. M. 1996. Linear probability models of the demand for attributes with an empirical application to estimating the preferences of legislators. National Bureau of Economic Research.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernández, E. & Kriesi, H. 2016. The electoral consequences of the financial and economic crisis in Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 55, 203–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernández, T. K. 2013. Affirmative action in the Americas. Americas Quarterly, 7, 26–31.Google Scholar
Hicken, A. & Martínez Kuhonta, E. 2011. Shadows from the past: Party system institutionalization in Asia. Comparative Political Studies, 44, 572–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, A. C. 2013. RIGHT ON CRIME? Conservative party politics and “Mano Dura” Policies in El Salvador. Latin American Research Review, 48:1, 44–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HRW. 2016. Unchecked power – Police and military raids in low-income and immigrant communities in Venezuela.Google Scholar
Huddy, L. & Bankert, A. 2017. Political partisanship as a social identity. In: Oxford research encyclopedia of politics. https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-250. Accessed March 21, 2024.Google Scholar
Humvenezuela. 2021. Complex humanitarian emergency in Venezuela. https://humvenezuela.com/en/inicio/Google Scholar
Hunter, J. D. 1992. Culture wars: The struggle to control the family, art, education, law, and politics in America. Avalon Publishing.Google Scholar
Hunter, W. & Power, T. J. 2019. Bolsonaro and Brazil’s Illiberal Backlash. Journal of Democracy, 30, 68–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huntington, S. P. 1991. The third wave: Democratization in the late twentieth century. University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
IACHR. 2019a. Advances and challenges towards recognition of the rights of LGBTI persons in the Americas. Inter-American Commission on Human Rights IACHR.Google Scholar
Ignazi, P. 1992. The silent counter‐revolution: Hypotheses on the emergence of extreme right‐wing parties in Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 22, 3–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ILO. 2019. Por la reconciliación nacional y la justicia socialen la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. ILO.Google Scholar
Inglehart, R. 2015. The silent revolution: Changing values and political styles among Western publics. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inglehart, R. 2018. Culture shift in advanced industrial society. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inglehart, R. F. 2016. The danger of deconsolidation: How much should we worry? Journal of Democracy, 27, 18–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inglehart, R. F. & Norris, P. 2016. Trump, Brexit, and the rise of populism: Economic have-nots and cultural backlash. Working Paper, 16–026. Harvard Kennedy University: HKS.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iyengar, S., Sood, G. & Lelkes, Y. 2012. Affect, not ideology: A social identity perspective on polarization. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76, 405–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Izquierdo, J. M. 2010. Nueva Derecha. Congreso de la Asociación Chilena de Ciencia Política.Google Scholar
Jerit, J. 2009. How predictive appeals affect policy opinions. American Journal of Political Science, 53, 411–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiménez, M. 2021a. Contesting autocracy: Repression and opposition coordination in Venezuela. Political Studies, 71, 0032321721999975.Google Scholar
Jiménez, M. 2021b. Target and Conquer. How selective repression fragments oppositions in non-democracies. Latin American Studies Association.Google Scholar
Jiménez, M. 2022. El difícil camino hacia una democratización en Venezuela. Documentos de Trabajo, 61, 2ª.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiménez, M. 2022. La democratización en Venezuela pasa también por la reconstrucción del Estado. Nueva Sociedad, 299, 120–133.Google Scholar
Joignant, A. & Navia, P. 2003. De la política de individuos a los hombres del partido. Socialización, competencia política y penetración electoral de la UDI (1989–2001). Estudios Públicos.Google Scholar
Junquera, N. 2019. El PP Ficha al Padre Del Opositor Venezolano Leopoldo López Para Sus Listas Europeas | Politica. El País.Google Scholar
Kajsiu, B. 2019. The Colombian right: The political ideology and mobilization of Uribismo. Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies/Revue canadienne des études latino-américaines et caraïbes, 44, 204–224.Google Scholar
Karl, T. L. 1995. The Venezuelan petro-state and the crisis of its democracy. In: Mccoy, J. et al. (eds.) Venezuelan democracy under stress. Transaction, 139–170.Google Scholar
Kast, J. A. 2021. Atrévete Chile. Party Manifesto. Available at https://static.emol.cl/emol50/documentos/archivos/2021/11/16/file_20211116095545.pdfGoogle Scholar
Katz, R. S. & Mair, P. 1995. Changing models of party organization and party democracy: The emergence of the cartel party. Party Politics, 1, 5–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kellam, M. 2015. Parties for hire: How particularistic parties influence presidents’ governing strategies. Party Politics, 21, 515–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerstenetzky, C. L. 2006. Políticas Sociais: focalização ou universalização? Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 26, 564–574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kessler, G., Vommaro, G. & Assusa, G. 2023. El proceso de polarización en América Latina: entre la secularización y el conflicto distributivo. Mecila Working Papers, 53.Google Scholar
Kestler, T. 2022. Radical, nativist, authoritarian – Or all of these? Assessing recent cases of right-wing populism in Latin America. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 14, 289–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kestler, T., Lucca, J. B. & Krause, S. 2019. Timing, sequences and new party institutionalization in South America. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 2, 1–23.Google Scholar
Kitschelt, H., Hawkins, K. A., Luna, J. P., Rosas, G. & Zechmeister, E. J. 2010. Latin American party systems. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitschelt, H. & Wilkinson, S. I. 2007. Patrons, clients and policies: Patterns of democratic accountability and political competition. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krause, K. 2014. Supporting the iron fist: Crime news, public opinion, and authoritarian crime control in Guatemala. Latin American Politics and Society, 56, 98–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krekó, P. & Enyedi, Z. 2018. Explaining Eastern Europe: Orbán’s laboratory of illiberalism. Journal of Democracy, 29, 39–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kriesi, H., Grande, E., Lachat, R., Dolezal, M., Bornschier, S. & Frey, T. 2008. West European politics in the age of globalization. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kriesi, H. & Pappas, T. S. 2015. Populism in Europe during crisis: An introduction. In: Kriesi, H. & Pappas, T. S. (eds.) European populism in the shadow of the great recession. ECPR Press.Google Scholar
Kulisheck, M. 1998. Reinventing legitimacy: Democracy and political change in Venezuela. Greenwood Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Kutiyski, Y. K. & Krouwel, A. 2014. Narrowing the gap: Explaining the increasing competitiveness of the Venezuelan opposition. Latin American Politics and Society, 56, 71–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacava, R. 2017. Aquí vamos pueblo de Carabobo a no darle tregua a los bandidos y la delincuencia en la calle. Les vamos a dar en la madre. Navidad segura!!! @rafaellacava10. https://twitter.com/rafaellacava10/status/925723507975249923?lang=enGoogle Scholar
Lancaster, C. M. 2022. Value shift: Immigration attitudes and the sociocultural divide. British Journal of Political Science, 52, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laver, M. 2003. Position and salience in the policies of political actors. In: Laver, M. Estimating the policy position of political actors. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavín, J. 2021. Unidos por un nuevo Chile. Bases programáticas. Unión Demócrata Independiente.Google Scholar
Layman, G. C. & Carsey, T. M. 2002. Party polarization and party structuring of policy attitudes: A comparison of three NES panel studies. Political Behavior, 24, 199–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Layton, M. L., Smith, A. E., Moseley, M. W. & Cohen, M. J. 2021. Demographic polarization and the rise of the far right: Brazil’s 2018 presidential election. Research & Politics, 8, 2053168021990204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lebas, A. 2018. The survival of authoritarian successor parties in Africa: Organizational legacies or competitive landscapes. In: Loxton, J. & Mainwaring, S. (eds.) Life after dictatorship: Authoritarian successor parties worldwide. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Leone, J. A. R. 2008. Los desencuentros de la política venezolana: nacimiento, consolidación y desinstitucionalización de los partidos políticos, 1958–2007. Fundación para la Cultura Urbana.Google Scholar
Levine, D. H. 1976. Democracy and the Church in Venezuela. Journal of Inter American Studies and World Affairs, 18:1, 3–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, D. H. 2002. The decline and fall of democracy in Venezuela: Ten theses. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 21, 248–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, S. 2003. Transforming labor-based parties in Latin America: Argentine Peronism in comparative perspective. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, S. 2011. Peru’s 2011 elections: A surprising left turn. Journal of Democracy, 22, 84–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, S. 2018. Peru: The institutionalization of politics without parties. In: Mainwaring, S. (ed.) Party systems in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Levitsky, S. & Cameron, M. A. 2003. Democracy without parties? Political parties and regime change in Fujimori’s Peru. Latin American Politics and Society, 45, 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, S. & Loxton, J. 2013. Populism and competitive authoritarianism in the Andes. Democratization, 20, 107–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, S., Loxton, J. & Van Dyck, B. 2016a. Introduction. In: Levitsky, S., Loxton, J., Van Dyck, B. & Domínguez, J. I. (eds.) Challenges of party-building in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, S., Loxton, J., Van Dyck, B. & Domínguez, J. I. 2016b. Challenges of party-building in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, S. & Roberts, K. 2011a. Latin America’s left turn: A framework for analysis. In: Levitsky and Roberts 2011b, 1–28.Google Scholar
Levitsky, S. & Roberts, K. M. 2011b. The resurgence of the Latin American left. John Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipset, S. 1967. Cleavage structures, party systems and voter alignments: An Introduction. In: Lipset, S. M. & Rokkan, S. (eds.) Party systems and voter alignments. The Free Press, 1–64.Google Scholar
López Maya, M. 2004. Venezuela 2001–2004: actores y estrategias. Cuadernos del CENDES, 21, 109–132.Google Scholar
Losada, R. & Liendo, N. 2016. EL PARTIDO “CENTRO DEMOCRÁTICO” EN COLOMBIA: RAZONES DE SU SURGIMIENTO Y ÉXITO. Análisis político, 29, 49–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowe, W., Benoit, K., Mikhaylov, S. & Laver, M. 2011. Scaling policy preferences from coded political texts. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 36, 123–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loxton, J. 2015. Authoritarian successor parties. Journal of Democracy, 26, 157–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loxton, J. 2016. Authoritarian successor parties and the new right in Latin America. In: Levitsky, S., Loxton, J., Van Dyck, B. & Domínguez, J. I. (eds.) Challenges of party-building in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Loxton, J. 2018. Authoritarian successor parties worldwide. In: Loxton, J. & Mainwaring, S. (eds.) Life after dictatorship: Authoritarian successor parties worldwide. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loxton, J. 2021. Conservative party-building in Latin America: Authoritarian inheritance and counterrevolutionary struggle. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luna, J. P. 2010. Segmented party–voter linkages in Latin America: The case of the UDI. Journal of Latin American Studies, 42, 325–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luna, J. P. 2014. Segmented representation: Political party strategies in unequal democracies. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luna, J. P. & Altman, D. 2011. Uprooted but stable: Chilean parties and the concept of party system institutionalization. Latin American Politics and Society, 53, 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2014. Conclusion: Right (and left) politics in contemporary Latin America. In: Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. John Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2014a. The right in contemporary Latin America: A framework for analysis. In: Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2014b. The resilience of the Latin American right. John Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2021. A la derecha de la derecha: ¿ hay espacio para una fuerza populista radical de derecha. Fundación Friedrich Ebert: Montevideo.Google Scholar
Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2021. Castigo a los oficialismos y ciclo político de derecha en América Latina. Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política, 30, 135–156.Google Scholar
Luna, J. P., Rodríguez, R. P., Rosenblatt, F. & Vommaro, G. 2021. Political parties, diminished subtypes, and democracy. Party Politics, 27, 294–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupu, N. 2013. Party brands and partisanship: Theory with evidence from a survey experiment in Argentina. American Journal of Political Science, 57, 49–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupu, N. 2014. Brand dilution and the breakdown of political parties in Latin America. World Politics, 66, 561–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupu, N. 2016. Party brands in crisis: Partisanship, brand dilution, and the breakdown of political parties in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupu, N., Oliveros, V. & Schiumerini, L. 2021. Derecha y democracia en América Latina. Población & sociedad, 28, 80–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lustig, N. 2020. Inequality and Social Policy in Latin America. Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Working Paper Series 94, Tulane University.Google Scholar
Lustig, N. & Trasberg, M. 2021. How Brazil and Mexico diverged on social protection in the pandemic. Current History, 120, 57–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machado, M. D. D. C. 2006. Política e religião: a participação dos evangélicos nas eleições. FGV Editora.Google Scholar
Machado, M. D. D. C. 2012. Aborto e ativismo religioso nas eleições de 2010. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Política, 7, 25–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madariaga, A. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2020. Right-wing moderation, left-wing inertia and political cartelisation in post-transition Chile. Journal of Latin American Studies, 52, 343–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maduro, N. 2017. ¿Está Maduro a favor de legalizar El Matrimonio homosexual y despenalizar el aborto? Youtube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAt2-tdfKN8&ab_channel=laSextaGoogle Scholar
Maduro, N. 2020. Maduro Sobre Matrimonio LGBTI: Apoya al Papa Francisco y Llama a Candidatos Del PSUV a Aprobarlo. Youtube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=uicCMAhBQMQ&ab_channel=LuiginoBracciRoadesdeVenezuelaGoogle Scholar
Maia, L. A., Chiu, A. & Desposato, S. 2023. No evidence of backlash: LGBT rights in Latin America. The Journal of Politics, 85, 49–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mainwaring, S. 2018. Party systems in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mainwaring, S. & Scully, T. 1995. Building democratic institutions: Party systems in Latin America. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, S. & Zoco, E. 2007. Political sequences and the stabilization of interparty competition: Electoral volatility in old and new democracies. Party Politics, 13, 155–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolis, M. F. 2020. Who wants to make America great again? Understanding evangelical support for Donald Trump. Politics and Religion, 13, 89–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martín, E. & Oro, A. P. 2006. Religião e política no Cone Sul: Argentina, Brasil e Uruguai. Attar Editorial.Google Scholar
Martínez-Gallardo, C., Cerda, N. de la, Hartlyn, J., Hooghe, L., Marks, G. & Bakker, R. 2022. Revisiting party system structuration in Latin America and Europe: Economic and socio-cultural dimensions. Party Politics, 29:4, 780–792. https://doi.org/10.1177/13540688221090604CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maya, M. L. 2004. Hugo Chávez Frías: His movement and his presidency. In: Ellner, S. and Hellinger, D. (eds.) Venezuelan politics in the Chávez era: Class, polarization, and conflict. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 75–76.Google Scholar
Mayka, L. & Smith, A. E. 2021. The grassroots right in Latin America: Patterns, causes, and consequences introduction. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mcadams, E. S. & Lance, J. E. 2013. Religion’s impact on the divergent political attitudes of Evangelical protestants in the United States and Brazil. Politics and Religion, 6, 483–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mccoy, J., Rahman, T. & Somer, M. 2018. Polarization and the global crisis of democracy: Common patterns, dynamics, and pernicious consequences for democratic polities. American Behavioral Scientist, 62, 16–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFadden, D. 1973. Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior. In: Zarembka, P. (ed.) Frontiers in econometrics. Academic Press, 105–142.Google Scholar
Medeiros, M. & Noël, A. 2014. The forgotten side of partisanship: Negative party identification in four Anglo-American democracies. Comparative Political Studies, 47, 1022–1046.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meléndez, C. 2014. Is there a right track in post_party system collapse scenarios? Comparing the Andean countries. In: Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Meléndez, C. 2018. El informe Chinochet: historia secreta de Alberto Fujimori en Chile. Aguilar.Google Scholar
Meléndez, C. 2019. El mal menor: Vínculos políticos en el Perú posterior al colapso del sistema de partidos. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Meléndez, C. 2021. Minicandidatos: Última temporada electoral de la serie política peruana.Google Scholar
Meléndez, C. 2022. The post-partisans: Anti-partisans, anti-establishment identifiers, and apartisans in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meléndez, C. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2019. Political identities: The missing link in the study of populism. Party Politics, 25, 520–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mella Polanco, M., López Varas, M. Á., Valenzuela Gutiérrez, P. & Berríos, C. 2019. Cambios programáticos y estratégicos de la derecha en Chile (1989–2013). Colombia Internacional, 100, 91–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meucci, M. Á. M. 2016. Apaciguamiento: el referéndum revocatorio y la consolidación de la Revolución Bolivariana. Editorial Alfa.Google Scholar
Middlebrook, K. J. 2000. Conservative parties, the right, and democracy in Latin America. John Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milanese, J. P. & Albarracín, J. 2022. Electoral decentralisation with weak parties. Analysis of Colombia’s subnational elections. Regional & Federal Studies, 32:4, 471–483. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2022.2028279CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milanesdde, J. P. & Jaramillo, L. E. 2015. Impacto de los factores institucionales del sistema electoral en la fragmentación partidaria. Un análisis de las elecciones para concejos municipales en el Valle del Cauca (1997–2011). Colombia Internacional, 43–70.Google Scholar
Milita, K., Ryan, J. B. & Simas, E. N. 2014. Nothing to hide, nowhere to run, or nothing to lose: Candidate position-taking in congressional elections. Political Behavior, 36, 427–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, M. K. 2021. Don’t call it a comeback: Autocratic ruling parties after democratization. British Journal of Political Science, 51:2, 559–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moffitt, B. & Sengul, K. 2023. The populist radical right in Australia: Pauline Hanson’s One Nation. Journal of Language and Politics, 22:3, 306–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moisés, J. Á. 2010. Political corruption and democracy in contemporary Brazil. Revista latino-americana de opinión pública, 1, 1–27.Google Scholar
Moncagatta, P. & Espinosa, C. 2019. No country for the right wing? Actores, trayectoria, oferta y demanda de la derecha en Ecuador. Colombia Internacional, 99, 121–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monestier, F. 2017. Formas de actuación política de las élites económicas. Argentina, Chile y Uruguay en perspectiva comparada. Doctor en Ciencia Política, Instituto de Ciencia Política, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.Google Scholar
Moreno, A. 2019. Political cleavages: Issues, parties, and the consolidation of democracy. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morini, M. 2018. Front national and Lega Nord: Two stories of the same Euroscepticism. European Politics and Society, 19, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morresi, S. & Vommaro, G. 2014. Argentina: The difficulties of the Partisan right and the case of the Propuesta Republicana. In: Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Mota, F. F. & Biroli, F. 2014. O gênero na política: a construção do “feminino” nas eleições presidenciais de 2010. cadernos pagu, 43, 197–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mozo, R. 2021. Si se le permite a el Coqui tomar La Vega se Expandirá su poder. Efecto cocuyo. https://tinyurl.com/efectococuyocoquiGoogle Scholar
Mudde, C. 1996. The paradox of the anti-party party: Insights from the extreme right. Party Politics, 2, 265–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mudde, C. 2004. The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39, 541–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mudde, C. 2007. Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mudde, C. 2010. The populist radical right: A pathological normalcy. West European Politics, 33, 1167–1186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mudde, C. (ed.). 2016. The populist radical right: A reader. Taylor & Francis.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mudde, C. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2017. Populism: A very short introduction. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murakami, Y. 2000. La democracia según C y D: un estudios de la conciencia y el comportamiento político de los sectores populares de Lima. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.Google Scholar
Mutz, D. C. 2018. Status threat, not economic hardship, explains the 2016 presidential vote. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115, E4330–E4339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Navia, P. & Umpiérrez De Reguero, S. 2021. CREO: el ascenso y los desafíos de consolidación del partido político de derecha emergente en Ecuador (2013–2021). Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política, 30, 49–78.Google Scholar
Nicolau, J. 2020. O Brasil dobrou à direita: uma radiografia da eleição de Bolsonaro em 2018. Editora Schwarcz-Companhia das Letras.Google Scholar
Nocetto, L., Piñeiro, R. & Rosenblatt, F. 2020. Uruguay 2019: Fin del ciclo progresista y reestructura del sistema de partidos. Revista de ciencia política (Santiago), 40, 511–538.Google Scholar
Norden, D. L. 1998. Democracy and military control in Venezuela: From subordination to insurrection. Latin American Research Review 33:2, 143–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, P. 2005. Radical right: Voters and parties in the electoral market. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, P. & Inglehart, R. 2019. Cultural backlash: Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noticias, Ú. 2013. Pedro Carreño a Tilda de homosexual a Capriles Radonski. Youtube. www.youtube.com/watch?v=22qCy899h0c&ab_channel=%C3%9AltimasNoticiasGoogle Scholar
Noticias, Ú. 2015. Freddy Bernal sobre oficiales Gays. Youtube. Available from: www.youtube.com/watch?v=PGyETrmedN8Google Scholar
OAS. 2020. IACHR and its SRESCER deeply concerned about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Venezuela, call for safeguards for the rights of Venezuelans around the Americas. Text.Google Scholar
OHCHR. 2019. Report of the United Nations high commissioner for human rights on the situation of human rights in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. OHCHR Geneva.Google Scholar
Olivares, N. M. & Varas, M. A. L. 2020. Elecciones generales chilenas de 2017: el regreso de Piñera y el debut del nuevo sistema electoral. América Latina vota: (2017–2019) Tecnos, 101–140.Google Scholar
Ortega, B. 2018. Political participation of Evangelicals in Colombia: 1990–2017. Politics and Religion Journal, 12, 17–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortiz Ayala, A. & García Sánchez, M. 2014. Porque te quiero te apoyo: Estilo de gobierno y aprobación presidencial en América Latina. Revista de ciencia política (Santiago), 34, 373–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Page, B. I. 1976. The theory of political ambiguity. American Political Science Review, 70, 10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panebianco, A., Hirschman, A. & Maier, C. 1988. Political parties: Organization and power. CUP Archive.Google Scholar
Payne, L. A. & De Souza Santos, A. A. 2020. The right-wing backlash in Brazil and beyond. Politics & Gender, 16:S1.Google Scholar
Pechenkina, A. O. & Gamboa, L. 2022. Who undermines the peace at the ballot box? The case of Colombia. Terrorism and Political Violence, 34, 197–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pérez, O. J. 2015. The impact of crime on voter choice in Latin America. In: Carlin, R. E., Singer, M. M. & Zechmeister, E. J. (eds.) The Latin American voter: Pursuing representation and accountability in challenging contexts. University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Pérez, P. B., Bentancur, V. P., Piñeiro, R., Rodríguez, R. P. & Rosenblatt, F. 2019. How party activism survives: Uruguay’s Frente Amplio. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, D. A. 2005. Heterogeneity and certainty in candidate evaluations. Political Behavior, 27, 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierucci, A. F. 2011. Eleição 2010: desmoralização eleitoral do moralismo religioso. SciELO Brasil.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PNUD. 2019. Diez años de auditoría a la democracia: Antes del estallido. Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo.Google Scholar
Poole, K. T. 2000. Nonparametric unfolding of binary choice data. Political Analysis, 8, 211–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, K. T. & Rosenthal, H. 1985. A spatial model for legislative roll call analysis. American Journal of Political Science, 29, 357–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, T. 2018. The contrasting trajectories of Brazil’s two authoritarian successor parties. In: Loxton, J. & Mainwaring, S. (eds.) Life after dictatorship: Authoritarian successor parties worldwide. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Prem, M., Romero, D. A. & Vargas, J. F. 2022. Selective civilian targeting: The unintended consequences of partial peace. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 17, 317–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pribble, J. 2013. Welfare and party politics in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pulido, A. 2019. Violence, voting & peace: Explaining public support for the peace referendum in Colombia. Electoral Studies, 61, 102067.Google Scholar
Púrpuras, C. 2021. Aborto en Venezuela: La lucha por la legalización del derecho a decidir. openDemocracy.Google Scholar
Quadros, M. P. R. & Madeira, R. M. 2018. Fim da direita envergonhada? Atuação da bancada evangélica e da bancada da bala e os caminhos da representação do conservadorismo no Brasil. Opinião Pública, 24, 486–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rama, J., Zanotti, L., Turnbull-Dugarte, S. J. & Santana, A. 2021. VOX: The rise of the Spanish populist radical right. Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos, J. D. S. 2012. Toma que o aborto é teu: a politização do aborto em jornais e na web durante a campanha presidencial de 2010. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Política, 7, 55–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos Jiménez, A. 2002. La transición venezolana. Aproximación al fenómeno Chávez. Centro de Investigaciones de Política Comparada, Mérida.Google Scholar
Ramos Rollón, M. 2004. Partidos y grupos políticos en Venezuela: dimensiones ideológicas y líneas de división política. José Enrique Molina Vega y Ángel Eduardo Álvarez Díaz (coordinadores), Los partidos políticos venezolanos en el siglo XXI, Vadell Hermanos Editores, Caracas, Venezuela.Google Scholar
Randall, V. & Svåsand, L. 2002. Party institutionalization in new democracies. Party Politics, 8, 5–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymond, C. & Feltch, B. M. B. 2014. Parties, cleavages and issue evolution: The case of the religious–secular cleavage in Chile. Party Politics, 20, 429–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymond, C. D. 2018. Electoral choice and religion: An overview. Oxford research encyclopedia of politics. Retrieved 23 Mar. 2024, from https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-672CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Remmer, K. L. 2002. The politics of economic policy and performance in Latin America. Journal of Public Policy, 22, 29–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rennó, L. & Ames, B. 2014. PT no purgatório: ambivalência eleitoral no primeiro turno das eleições presidenciais de 2010. Opinião Pública, 20, 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rennó, L. R. 2020. The Bolsonaro voter: Issue positions and vote choice in the 2018 Brazilian presidential elections. Latin American Politics and Society, 62:4, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2020.13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rey, J. C. 1992. Apogeo y decadencia de la democracia representativa. América Latina. Alternativas para la democracia. Monte Ávila Editores.Google Scholar
Riding, S. & Mudde, C. 2012. Measuring populist attitudes. Political Concepts and Methods Working Paper Series – IPSA/CIDE.Google Scholar
Rights, C. F. R. 2020. The world’s abortion laws. Center for Reproductive Rights New York.Google Scholar
Rivera, A. 2018. Escaramuzas, incertidumbres y pocos avances: la política económica del segundo gobierno de Piñera. In: Agüero, F. (ed.) Piñera II ¿Una Segunda Transición? El primer año de su nueva administración. Sur Ediciones.Google Scholar
Rivera, D. P. B. & Pérez, R. 2013. Evangélicos y política electoral en el Perú. Del “fujimorato” al “fujimorismo” en las elecciones nacionales del 2011. Estudos de Religião, 27, 237–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, K. M. 1995. Neoliberalism and the transformation of populism in Latin America: The Peruvian case. World Politics, 48, 82–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, K. M. 2003. Social correlates of party system demise and populist resurgence in Venezuela. Latin American Politics and Society, 45, 35–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, K. M. 2013. Market reform, programmatic (de) alignment, and party system stability in Latin America. Comparative Political Studies, 46, 1422–1452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, K. M. 2014. Democracy, free markets and the rightist dilemma. In: Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, K. M. 2017. State of the field: Party politics in hard times: Comparative perspectives on the European and Latin American economic crises. European Journal of Political Research, 56, 218–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, K. M. 2019. Bipolar disorders: Varieties of capitalism and populist out-flanking on the left and right. Polity, 51, 641–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rocha, C. 2018. O boom das novas direitas brasileiras: financiamento ou militância. In: Solano, E. (ed.) O ódio como política: a reinvenção das direitas no Brasil. Boitempo Editorial.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, G. A. & Fuks, M. 2015. Grupos sociais e preferência política: o voto evangélico no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 30, 115–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodrigues, J. 2021. La Mujer Venezolana, derechos sexuales y reproductivos | Accion Solidaria. Acción Solidaria.Google Scholar
Rodríguez-Raga, J. C. 2017. Colombia: país del año 2016. Revista de ciencia política (Santiago), 37, 335–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez-Raga, J. C. & Wills-Otero, L. 2021. La renovación del conservadurismo tradicional a través de nuevos partidos. El caso del Centro Democrático en Colombia, 2014–2018. Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política, 30, 79–104.Google Scholar
Rodríguez Sosa, P. L. & Rodríguez Pardo, L. R. 2013. El petróleo como instrumento de progreso: Una nueva relación ciudadano-estado-petróleo. Ediciones IESA.Google Scholar
Rooduijn, M. & Burgoon, B. 2018. The paradox of well-being: Do unfavorable socioeconomic and sociocultural contexts deepen or dampen radical left and right voting among the less well-off? Comparative Political Studies, 51, 1720–1753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosales, A. & Jiménez, M. 2021. Venezuela: Autocratic consolidation and splintered economic liberalization. Revista de Ciencia Política, 41, 425–447.Google Scholar
Rosenblatt, F. 2018. Party vibrancy and democracy in Latin America. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2014a. La derecha en América Latina y su lucha contra la adversidad. Nueva sociedad, 254, 34–45.Google Scholar
Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2014b. Latin American populism: Some conceptual and normative lessons. Constellations, 21, 494–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2019. La (sobre) adaptación programática de la derecha chilena y la irrupción de la derecha populista radical. Colombia Internacional, 99, 29–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rovira Kaltwasser, C. 2020. El error de diagnóstico de la derecha chilena y la encrucijada actual. Estudios públicos, 158, 31–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rovira Kaltwasser, C., Salas-Lewin, R., & Zanotti, L. 2024. Supporting and rejecting the populist radical right: Evidence from contemporary Chile. Nations and Nationalism, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.13015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rovira Kaltwasser, C. & Zanotti, L. 2021. Populism and the welfare state. In: Greve, B. (ed.) Handbook on austerity, populism and the welfare state. Edward Elgar Publishing.Google Scholar
Rovira Kaltwasser, C. & Zanotti, L. 2023. The populist radical right beyond Europe. Journal of Language and Politics, 22:3, 283–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rydgren, J. 2007. The sociology of the radical right. Annual Review Sociology, 33, 241–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rydgren, J. 2018. The Oxford handbook of the radical right. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuels, D. 2002. Presidentialized parties: The separation of powers and party organization and behavior. Comparative Political Studies, 35, 461–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santodomingo, R. 1999. La conspiración 98: un pacto secreto para llevar a Hugo Chávez al poder. Alfadil Ediciones.Google Scholar
Santos, F. & Tanscheit, T. 2019. Quando velhos atores saem de cena: a ascensão da nova direita política no Brasil. Colômbia Internacional, 99, 151–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sartori, G. 1976. Parties and party systems: Volume 1: A framework for analysis. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sawicki, F. 2017. Les réseaux du Parti socialiste: sociologie d’un milieu partisan. Belin éditeur.Google Scholar
Scarrow, S. E. 2000. Parties without partisans: Political change in advanced industrial democracies. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schneider, B. R. 2004. Business politics and the state in twentieth-century Latin America. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schumacher, G. & Van Kersbergen, K. 2016. Do mainstream parties adapt to the welfare chauvinism of populist parties? Party Politics, 22, 300–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seawright, J. 2012. Party-system collapse: The roots of crisis in Peru and Venezuela. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Seawright, J. & Gerring, J. 2008. Case selection techniques in case study research: A menu of qualitative and quantitative options. Political Research Quarterly, 61, 294–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siavelis, P. 2014. Chile: The right’s evolution from democracy to authoritarianism and back again. In: Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Siavelis, P. M. 2009. Enclaves de la transición y democracia chilena. Revista de ciencia política (Santiago), 29, 3–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simas, E. N., Milita, K. & Ryan, J. B. 2021. Ambiguous rhetoric and legislative accountability. The Journal of Politics, 83, 1695–1705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simison, E. 2016. Descentralización y partidos políticos en América Latina: un estado de la cuestión.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, M. 2016. Elite polarization and the electoral impact of left-right placements: Evidence from Latin América, 1995–2009. Latin American Research Review, 51:2, 174–194. https://doi.org/10.1353/lar.2016.0022CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. E. 2016. When clergy are threatened: Catholic and protestant leaders and political activism in Brazil. Politics and Religion, 9, 431–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. E. 2017. Democratic talk in church: Religion and political socialization in the context of urban inequality. World Development, 99, 441–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. E. 2019. Religion and Brazilian democracy: Mobilizing the people of God. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. E. & Boas, T. C. 2020a. Religion, sexuality politics, and the transformation of Latin American electorates. Presentado en annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 10–13.Google Scholar
Smith, A. E. & Boas, T. C. 2020b. Religion, sexuality politics, and the transformation of Latin American electorates. Annual meeting of the American political science association, September, Virtual Meeting.Google Scholar
Solorzano, D. 2020. Me identifico políticamente con la centro derecha y defiendo esos ideales desde la presidencia de@EnCiudadanoVzla el partido que fundé junto a centenares de hombres y mujeres maravillosos. https://twitter.com/delsasolorzano/status/1300887343910576128Google Scholar
Spoon, J.-J. & Klüver, H. 2014. Do parties respond? How electoral context influences party responsiveness. Electoral Studies, 35, 48–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokes, S. C. 2001. Mandates and democracy: Neoliberalism by surprise in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suárez-Cao, J., Batlle, M. & Wills-Otero, L. 2017. El auge de los estudios sobre la política subnacional latinoamericana. Colombia Internacional, 90, 15–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suárez-Cao, J., Le Foulon, C. & Alenda, S. 2019. ¿Cuán similares son las actitudes de los hombres y las mujeres dirigentes? Brechas de género y moderación en la centro-derecha chilena. Economía y Política, 6, 31–58.Google Scholar
Sucre Heredia, R. 2014. Ser ella misma. A partir de 2006 comienza un crecimiento de la oposición. Revista SIC, 77, 3.Google Scholar
Tanaka, M. 2006. From crisis to collapse of the party systems and dilemmas of democratic representation: Peru and Venezuela. In: Mainwaring, S., Bejarano, A. & Leongómez, E. P. (eds.) The crisis of democratic representation in the Andes. Stanford University Press, 47–77.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. B. 2013. Political scandal: Power and visability in the media age. John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Thomsen, D. M. 2014. Ideological moderates won’t run: How party fit matters for partisan polarization in Congress. The Journal of Politics, 76, 786–797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomz, M. & Van Houweling, R. P. 2009. The electoral implications of candidate ambiguity. American Political Science Review, 103, 83–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torcal, M. & Mainwaring, S. 2003. The political recrafting of social bases of party competition: Chile, 1973–95. British Journal of Political Science, 33, 55–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torre, J. C. 2003. Los huérfanos de la política de partidos Sobre los alcances y la naturaleza de la crisis de representación partidaria. Desarrollo económico, 42:168, 647–665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uang, R. S. 2013. Campaigning on public security in Latin America: Obstacles to success. Latin American Politics and Society, 55, 26–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urbaneja, D. B. 1992. Pueblo y petróleo en la política venezolana del siglo XX, Ediciones CEPET, Centro de Formación y Adiestramiento de Petróleos de….Google Scholar
Urbaneja, D. B. 1995. Pueblo y petróleo en la política venezolana del siglo XX, Monte Avila Editores Latinoamericana. http://sibucv.ucv.ve/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=85624Google Scholar
Urbaneja, D. B. 2007. La política venezolana desde 1958 hasta nuestros días. Universidad Catolica Andres.Google Scholar
Urbaneja, D. B. 2013. La renta y el reclamo: ensayo sobre petróleo y economía política en Venezuela. Editorial Alfa.Google Scholar
Urrutia, A. 2011. Que la Fuerza esté con Keiko. El fujimorismo, su organización y su estrategia de campaña. In: Meléndez, C. (ed.) Post-Candidatos: Guia Analitica de Supervivencia hasta las Proximas elecciones. Mitin Editories.Google Scholar
Vaggione, J. M. & Machado, M. D. D. C. 2020. Religious patterns of neoconservatism in Latin America. Politics & Gender, 16:1, 16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dyck, B. 2021. Democracy against parties: The divergent fates of Latin America’s new left contenders. University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Hauwaert, S. M. & Van Kessel, S. 2018. Beyond protest and discontent: A cross‐national analysis of the effect of populist attitudes and issue positions on populist party support. European Journal of Political Research, 57, 68–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vergara, A. & Augusto, M. C. 2022. Fujimorismo and the limits of democratic representation in Peru, 2006–2020. In: Luna, J. P., Rodríguez, R. P., Rosenblatt, F. & Vommaro, G. (eds.) Diminished parties: Democratic representation in contemporary Latin America. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Vidigal, R. 2022. Authoritarianism and right-wing voting in Brazil. Latin American Research Review, 57, 554–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villazón, J. C. 2014. Viejas y nuevas derechas religiosas en América Latina: los evangélicos como factor político. Nueva sociedad, 254, 112.Google Scholar
Visconti, G. 2020. Policy preferences after crime victimization: Panel and survey evidence from Latin America. British Journal of Political Science, 50, 1481–1495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vommaro, G. 2019a. De la construcción partidaria al gobierno: PRO-Cambiemos y los límites del “giro a la derecha” en Argentina. Colombia Internacional, 99, 91–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vommaro, G. 2019b. La larga marcha de Cambiemos: la construcción silenciosa de un proyecto de poder. Siglo XXI Editores.Google Scholar
Vommaro, G. 2023. Conservatives against the tide: The rise of the argentine PRO in comparative perspective. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vommaro, G. & Gené, M. 2022. Policy legacies, sociopolitical coalitions, and the limits of the right turn in Latin America: The Argentine case in comparative perspective. Latin American Politics and Society, 64, 47–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VOX. 2019. 100 medidas para la España viva. Available at www.voxespana.es/noticias/100-medidas-urgentes-vox-espana-20181006Google Scholar
Wei, T. & Simko, V. 2017. R package “corrplot”: Visualization of a correlation matrix. https://github.com/taiyun/corrplotGoogle Scholar
Weyland, K. 1996. Neopopulism and neoliberalism in Latin America: Unexpected affinities. Studies in Comparative International Development, 31, 3–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weyland, K. 2003. Neopopulism and neoliberalism in Latin America: How much affinity? Third World Quarterly, 24:6 1095–1115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weyland, K. 2010. The performance of leftist governments in Latin America. Conceptual and theoretical issues. In: Weyland, K., Madrid, R. L. & Hunter, W. (eds.) Leftist governments in Latin America: Successes and shortcomings. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weyland, K., Madrid, R. L. & Hunter, W. 2010. Leftist governments in Latin America: Successes and shortcomings. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehead, A. L. & Perry, S. L. 2020. Taking America back for God: Christian nationalism in the United States. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiesehomeier, N. 2010. The meaning of left-right in Latin America: A comparative view. Kellogg Working Paper 370.Google Scholar
Wiesehomeier, N. & Benoit, K. 2009. Presidents, parties, and policy competition. The Journal of Politics, 71, 1435–1447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiesehomeier, N. & Doyle, D. 2014. Profiling the electorate: Ideology and attitudes of rightwing voters. In: Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, M. E. 2017. Revisiting the cold war in Latin America. Latin American Research Review, 52, 916–924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wills-Otero, L. 2014. Colombia: Analyzing the strategies for political action of Alvaro Uribe’s government, 2002–10. In: Luna, J. P. & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (eds.) The resilience of the Latin American right. John Hopkins University Press, 194–218.Google Scholar
Wodak, R. 2015. The politics of fear: What right-wing populist discourses mean. SAGE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanotti, L. 2019. Populist polarization in Italian politics, 1994–2016: An assessment from a Latin American analytical perspective. Leiden University.Google Scholar
Zanotti, L. & Meléndez, C. 2022. Italy: The diverging strategies of the populist radical right during the pandemic. In: Populists and the Pandemic. Routledge, 92–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanotti, L., Rama, J. & Tanscheit, T. 2023. Assessing the fourth wave of the populist radical right: Jair Bolsonaro’s voters in comparative perspective. Opinião Pública, 29, 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanotti, L. & Roberts, K. M. 2021. (Aún) la excepción y no la regla: La derecha populista radical en América Latina. Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política, 30, 23–48.Google Scholar
Zechmeister, E. J. & Corral, M. 2013. Individual and contextual constraints on ideological labels in Latin America. Comparative Political Studies, 46, 675–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziblatt, D. 2017. Conservative political parties and the birth of modern democracy in Europe. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zorn, C. J. 2001. Generalized estimating equation models for correlated data: A review with applications. American Journal of Political Science, 45, 470–490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar