The great northern plain is broken by two masses of high land, in every respect inferior to those described: they are the Scandinavian system and the Ural Mountains, the arbitrary limit between Europe and Asia.

The range of primary mountains which has given its form to the Scandinavian peninsula begins at Cape Lindesnaes, the most southerly point of Norway, and, after running along its western coast 1000 miles in a north-easterly direction, ends at Cape Nord Kyn on the Polar Ocean, the extremity of Europe. The highest elevation of this chain is not more than 8412 feet. It has been compared to a great wave or billow, rising gradually from the east, which, after having formed a crest, falls perpendicularly into the sea in the west. There are 3696 square miles of this peninsula above the line of perpetual snow.

The southern portion of the chain consists of ridges following the general direction of the range, 150 miles broad. At the distance of 360 miles from Cape Lindesnaes the mountains form a single elevated mass, terminated by a table-land, which maintains an altitude of 4500 feet for 100 miles. It slopes towards the east, but plunges at once in high precipices into a deep sea on the west.

The surface is barren, marshy, and bristled with peaks; besides, an area of 600 square leagues is occupied by the Snae Braen, the greatest mass of perpetual snow and glaciers on the continent of Europe.