3D printing, or additive manufacturing, has consequences for intellectual property (IP) law and for business models. The mechanical and digital technology of 3D printing enables the creations of a three-dimensional object from a digital 3D software model in a Computer-aided Design (CAD) file. The 3D printing platforms for creating, modifying, and transferring CAD files can take place in digital form easily and quickly, which presents opportunities for copying and raises new IP law protection considerations. 3D printing’s proliferating use by hobbyists and in new industries transforms traditional methods of creation, distribution, and sale of goods through the use of CAD files, and, in so doing, raises questions about the scope of IP legal protection and necessitates reevaluation of IP statutes. 3D printing’s technological advancement may require IP laws to evolve and respond to the nature of the technology. In addition, 3D printing raises new considerations for business models and for the supply chain due to the technology’s ability to provide complexity, customization, efficiency, expansive range of applications, and modularization. Moreover, the digital nature of CAD files, which embody physical objects in digital form, transforms design, modification, and transfer of objects and parts, reallocating production of objects to be more nimble and more flexible. As such, 3D printing can enable a new way to mass customize and can replace mass production in ways that allow new business entities to capture a new way of creating value.